# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
# https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code

from ccxt.async_support.base.exchange import Exchange
from ccxt.abstract.bitstamp import ImplicitAPI
import hashlib
from ccxt.base.types import Any, Balances, Currencies, Currency, DepositAddress, Int, LedgerEntry, Market, Num, Order, OrderBook, OrderSide, OrderType, Str, Strings, Ticker, Tickers, Trade, TradingFeeInterface, TradingFees, Transaction, TransferEntry
from typing import List
from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeError
from ccxt.base.errors import AuthenticationError
from ccxt.base.errors import PermissionDenied
from ccxt.base.errors import AccountSuspended
from ccxt.base.errors import BadRequest
from ccxt.base.errors import InsufficientFunds
from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidAddress
from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidOrder
from ccxt.base.errors import OrderNotFound
from ccxt.base.errors import NotSupported
from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeNotAvailable
from ccxt.base.errors import OnMaintenance
from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidNonce
from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import TICK_SIZE
from ccxt.base.precise import Precise


class bitstamp(Exchange, ImplicitAPI):

    def describe(self) -> Any:
        return self.deep_extend(super(bitstamp, self).describe(), {
            'id': 'bitstamp',
            'name': 'Bitstamp',
            'countries': ['GB'],
            # 8000 requests per 10 minutes = 8000 / 600 = 13.33333333 requests per second => 1000ms / 13.33333333 = 75ms between requests on average
            'rateLimit': 75,
            'version': 'v2',
            'userAgent': self.userAgents['chrome'],
            'pro': True,
            'has': {
                'CORS': True,
                'spot': True,
                'margin': False,
                'swap': False,
                'future': False,
                'option': False,
                'addMargin': False,
                'borrowCrossMargin': False,
                'borrowIsolatedMargin': False,
                'borrowMargin': False,
                'cancelAllOrders': True,
                'cancelOrder': True,
                'closeAllPositions': False,
                'closePosition': False,
                'createOrder': True,
                'createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss': False,
                'createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLossWs': False,
                'createReduceOnlyOrder': False,
                'createStopLimitOrder': False,
                'createStopMarketOrder': False,
                'createStopOrder': False,
                'fetchBalance': True,
                'fetchBorrowInterest': False,
                'fetchBorrowRate': False,
                'fetchBorrowRateHistories': False,
                'fetchBorrowRateHistory': False,
                'fetchBorrowRates': False,
                'fetchBorrowRatesPerSymbol': False,
                'fetchCrossBorrowRate': False,
                'fetchCrossBorrowRates': False,
                'fetchCurrencies': True,
                'fetchDepositAddress': True,
                'fetchDepositAddresses': False,
                'fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork': False,
                'fetchDepositsWithdrawals': True,
                'fetchDepositWithdrawFee': 'emulated',
                'fetchDepositWithdrawFees': True,
                'fetchFundingHistory': False,
                'fetchFundingInterval': False,
                'fetchFundingIntervals': False,
                'fetchFundingRate': False,
                'fetchFundingRateHistory': False,
                'fetchFundingRates': False,
                'fetchGreeks': False,
                'fetchIndexOHLCV': False,
                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRate': False,
                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRates': False,
                'fetchIsolatedPositions': False,
                'fetchLedger': True,
                'fetchLeverage': False,
                'fetchLeverages': False,
                'fetchLeverageTiers': False,
                'fetchLiquidations': False,
                'fetchLongShortRatio': False,
                'fetchLongShortRatioHistory': False,
                'fetchMarginAdjustmentHistory': False,
                'fetchMarginMode': False,
                'fetchMarginModes': False,
                'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': False,
                'fetchMarkets': True,
                'fetchMarkOHLCV': False,
                'fetchMarkPrices': False,
                'fetchMyLiquidations': False,
                'fetchMySettlementHistory': False,
                'fetchMyTrades': True,
                'fetchOHLCV': True,
                'fetchOpenInterest': False,
                'fetchOpenInterestHistory': False,
                'fetchOpenInterests': False,
                'fetchOpenOrders': True,
                'fetchOption': False,
                'fetchOptionChain': False,
                'fetchOrder': True,
                'fetchOrderBook': True,
                'fetchPosition': False,
                'fetchPositionHistory': False,
                'fetchPositionMode': False,
                'fetchPositions': False,
                'fetchPositionsForSymbol': False,
                'fetchPositionsHistory': False,
                'fetchPositionsRisk': False,
                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': False,
                'fetchSettlementHistory': False,
                'fetchTicker': True,
                'fetchTickers': True,
                'fetchTrades': True,
                'fetchTradingFee': True,
                'fetchTradingFees': True,
                'fetchTransactionFees': True,
                'fetchTransactions': 'emulated',
                'fetchVolatilityHistory': False,
                'fetchWithdrawals': True,
                'reduceMargin': False,
                'repayCrossMargin': False,
                'repayIsolatedMargin': False,
                'setLeverage': False,
                'setMargin': False,
                'setMarginMode': False,
                'setPositionMode': False,
                'transfer': True,
                'withdraw': True,
            },
            'urls': {
                'logo': 'https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d5480572-1fee-43cb-b900-d38c522d0024',
                'api': {
                    'public': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
                    'private': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
                },
                'www': 'https://www.bitstamp.net',
                'doc': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
            },
            'timeframes': {
                '1m': '60',
                '3m': '180',
                '5m': '300',
                '15m': '900',
                '30m': '1800',
                '1h': '3600',
                '2h': '7200',
                '4h': '14400',
                '6h': '21600',
                '12h': '43200',
                '1d': '86400',
                '1w': '259200',
            },
            'requiredCredentials': {
                'apiKey': True,
                'secret': True,
            },
            'api': {
                'public': {
                    'get': {
                        'ohlc/{pair}/': 1,
                        'order_book/{pair}/': 1,
                        'ticker/': 1,
                        'ticker_hour/{pair}/': 1,
                        'ticker/{pair}/': 1,
                        'transactions/{pair}/': 1,
                        'trading-pairs-info/': 1,
                        'currencies/': 1,
                        'eur_usd/': 1,
                        'travel_rule/vasps/': 1,
                    },
                },
                'private': {
                    'get': {
                        'travel_rule/contacts/': 1,
                        'contacts/{contact_uuid}/': 1,
                        'earn/subscriptions/': 1,
                        'earn/transactions/': 1,
                    },
                    'post': {
                        'account_balances/': 1,
                        'account_balances/{currency}/': 1,
                        'balance/': 1,
                        'balance/{pair}/': 1,
                        'bch_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'bch_address/': 1,
                        'user_transactions/': 1,
                        'user_transactions/{pair}/': 1,
                        'crypto-transactions/': 1,
                        'open_order': 1,
                        'open_orders/all/': 1,
                        'open_orders/{pair}/': 1,
                        'order_status/': 1,
                        'cancel_order/': 1,
                        'cancel_all_orders/': 1,
                        'cancel_all_orders/{pair}/': 1,
                        'buy/{pair}/': 1,
                        'buy/market/{pair}/': 1,
                        'buy/instant/{pair}/': 1,
                        'sell/{pair}/': 1,
                        'sell/market/{pair}/': 1,
                        'sell/instant/{pair}/': 1,
                        'transfer-to-main/': 1,
                        'transfer-from-main/': 1,
                        'my_trading_pairs/': 1,
                        'fees/trading/': 1,
                        'fees/trading/{market_symbol}': 1,
                        'fees/withdrawal/': 1,
                        'fees/withdrawal/{currency}/': 1,
                        'withdrawal-requests/': 1,
                        'withdrawal/open/': 1,
                        'withdrawal/status/': 1,
                        'withdrawal/cancel/': 1,
                        'liquidation_address/new/': 1,
                        'liquidation_address/info/': 1,
                        'btc_unconfirmed/': 1,
                        'websockets_token/': 1,
                        # individual coins
                        'btc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'btc_address/': 1,
                        'ripple_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ripple_address/': 1,
                        'ltc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ltc_address/': 1,
                        'eth_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'eth_address/': 1,
                        'xrp_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'xrp_address/': 1,
                        'xlm_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'xlm_address/': 1,
                        'pax_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'pax_address/': 1,
                        'link_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'link_address/': 1,
                        'usdc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'usdc_address/': 1,
                        'omg_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'omg_address/': 1,
                        'dai_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'dai_address/': 1,
                        'knc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'knc_address/': 1,
                        'mkr_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'mkr_address/': 1,
                        'zrx_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'zrx_address/': 1,
                        'gusd_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'gusd_address/': 1,
                        'aave_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'aave_address/': 1,
                        'bat_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'bat_address/': 1,
                        'uma_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'uma_address/': 1,
                        'snx_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'snx_address/': 1,
                        'uni_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'uni_address/': 1,
                        'yfi_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'yfi_address/': 1,
                        'audio_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'audio_address/': 1,
                        'crv_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'crv_address/': 1,
                        'algo_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'algo_address/': 1,
                        'comp_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'comp_address/': 1,
                        'grt_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'grt_address/': 1,
                        'usdt_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'usdt_address/': 1,
                        'eurt_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'eurt_address/': 1,
                        'matic_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'matic_address/': 1,
                        'sushi_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'sushi_address/': 1,
                        'chz_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'chz_address/': 1,
                        'enj_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'enj_address/': 1,
                        'alpha_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'alpha_address/': 1,
                        'ftt_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ftt_address/': 1,
                        'storj_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'storj_address/': 1,
                        'axs_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'axs_address/': 1,
                        'sand_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'sand_address/': 1,
                        'hbar_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'hbar_address/': 1,
                        'rgt_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'rgt_address/': 1,
                        'fet_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'fet_address/': 1,
                        'skl_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'skl_address/': 1,
                        'cel_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'cel_address/': 1,
                        'sxp_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'sxp_address/': 1,
                        'ada_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ada_address/': 1,
                        'slp_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'slp_address/': 1,
                        'ftm_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ftm_address/': 1,
                        'perp_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'perp_address/': 1,
                        'dydx_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'dydx_address/': 1,
                        'gala_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'gala_address/': 1,
                        'shib_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'shib_address/': 1,
                        'amp_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'amp_address/': 1,
                        'sgb_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'sgb_address/': 1,
                        'avax_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'avax_address/': 1,
                        'wbtc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'wbtc_address/': 1,
                        'ctsi_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ctsi_address/': 1,
                        'cvx_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'cvx_address/': 1,
                        'imx_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'imx_address/': 1,
                        'nexo_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'nexo_address/': 1,
                        'ust_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ust_address/': 1,
                        'ant_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ant_address/': 1,
                        'gods_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'gods_address/': 1,
                        'rad_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'rad_address/': 1,
                        'band_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'band_address/': 1,
                        'inj_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'inj_address/': 1,
                        'rly_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'rly_address/': 1,
                        'rndr_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'rndr_address/': 1,
                        'vega_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'vega_address/': 1,
                        '1inch_withdrawal/': 1,
                        '1inch_address/': 1,
                        'ens_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ens_address/': 1,
                        'mana_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'mana_address/': 1,
                        'lrc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'lrc_address/': 1,
                        'ape_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ape_address/': 1,
                        'mpl_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'mpl_address/': 1,
                        'euroc_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'euroc_address/': 1,
                        'sol_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'sol_address/': 1,
                        'dot_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'dot_address/': 1,
                        'near_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'near_address/': 1,
                        'doge_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'doge_address/': 1,
                        'flr_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'flr_address/': 1,
                        'dgld_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'dgld_address/': 1,
                        'ldo_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ldo_address/': 1,
                        'travel_rule/contacts/': 1,
                        'earn/subscribe/': 1,
                        'earn/subscriptions/setting/': 1,
                        'earn/unsubscribe': 1,
                        'wecan_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'wecan_address/': 1,
                        'trac_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'trac_address/': 1,
                        'eurcv_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'eurcv_address/': 1,
                        'pyusd_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'pyusd_address/': 1,
                        'lmwr_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'lmwr_address/': 1,
                        'pepe_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'pepe_address/': 1,
                        'blur_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'blur_address/': 1,
                        'vext_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'vext_address/': 1,
                        'cspr_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'cspr_address/': 1,
                        'vchf_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'vchf_address/': 1,
                        'veur_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'veur_address/': 1,
                        'truf_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'truf_address/': 1,
                        'wif_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'wif_address/': 1,
                        'smt_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'smt_address/': 1,
                        'sui_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'sui_address/': 1,
                        'jup_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'jup_address/': 1,
                        'ondo_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'ondo_address/': 1,
                        'boba_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'boba_address/': 1,
                        'pyth_withdrawal/': 1,
                        'pyth_address/': 1,
                    },
                },
            },
            'fees': {
                'trading': {
                    'tierBased': True,
                    'percentage': True,
                    'taker': self.parse_number('0.004'),
                    'maker': self.parse_number('0.004'),
                    'tiers': {
                        'taker': [
                            [self.parse_number('0'), self.parse_number('0.004')],
                            [self.parse_number('10000'), self.parse_number('0.003')],
                            [self.parse_number('100000'), self.parse_number('0.002')],
                            [self.parse_number('500000'), self.parse_number('0.0018')],
                            [self.parse_number('1500000'), self.parse_number('0.0016')],
                            [self.parse_number('5000000'), self.parse_number('0.0012')],
                            [self.parse_number('20000000'), self.parse_number('0.001')],
                            [self.parse_number('50000000'), self.parse_number('0.0008')],
                            [self.parse_number('100000000'), self.parse_number('0.0006')],
                            [self.parse_number('250000000'), self.parse_number('0.0005')],
                            [self.parse_number('1000000000'), self.parse_number('0.0003')],
                        ],
                        'maker': [
                            [self.parse_number('0'), self.parse_number('0.003')],
                            [self.parse_number('10000'), self.parse_number('0.002')],
                            [self.parse_number('100000'), self.parse_number('0.001')],
                            [self.parse_number('500000'), self.parse_number('0.0008')],
                            [self.parse_number('1500000'), self.parse_number('0.0006')],
                            [self.parse_number('5000000'), self.parse_number('0.0003')],
                            [self.parse_number('20000000'), self.parse_number('0.002')],
                            [self.parse_number('50000000'), self.parse_number('0.0001')],
                            [self.parse_number('100000000'), self.parse_number('0')],
                            [self.parse_number('250000000'), self.parse_number('0')],
                            [self.parse_number('1000000000'), self.parse_number('0')],
                        ],
                    },
                },
                'funding': {
                    'tierBased': False,
                    'percentage': False,
                    'withdraw': {},
                    'deposit': {
                        'BTC': 0,
                        'BCH': 0,
                        'LTC': 0,
                        'ETH': 0,
                        'XRP': 0,
                        'XLM': 0,
                        'PAX': 0,
                        'USD': 7.5,
                        'EUR': 0,
                    },
                },
            },
            'precisionMode': TICK_SIZE,
            'commonCurrencies': {
                'UST': 'USTC',
            },
            # exchange-specific options
            'options': {
                'networksById': {
                    'bitcoin-cash': 'BCH',
                    'bitcoin': 'BTC',
                    'ethereum': 'ERC20',
                    'litecoin': 'LTC',
                    'stellar': 'XLM',
                    'xrpl': 'XRP',
                    'tron': 'TRC20',
                    'algorand': 'ALGO',
                    'flare': 'FLR',
                    'hedera': 'HBAR',
                    'cardana': 'ADA',
                    'songbird': 'FLR',
                    'avalanche-c-chain': 'AVAX',
                    'solana': 'SOL',
                    'polkadot': 'DOT',
                    'near': 'NEAR',
                    'doge': 'DOGE',
                    'sui': 'SUI',
                    'casper': 'CSRP',
                },
            },
            'exceptions': {
                'exact': {
                    'No permission found': PermissionDenied,
                    'API key not found': AuthenticationError,
                    'IP address not allowed': PermissionDenied,
                    'Invalid nonce': InvalidNonce,
                    'Invalid signature': AuthenticationError,
                    'Authentication failed': AuthenticationError,
                    'Missing key, signature and nonce parameters': AuthenticationError,
                    'Wrong API key format': AuthenticationError,
                    'Your account is frozen': PermissionDenied,
                    'Please update your profile with your FATCA information, before using API.': PermissionDenied,
                    'Order not found.': OrderNotFound,
                    'Price is more than 20% below market price.': InvalidOrder,
                    "Bitstamp.net is under scheduled maintenance. We'll be back soon.": OnMaintenance,  # {"error": "Bitstamp.net is under scheduled maintenance. We'll be back soon."}
                    'Order could not be placed.': ExchangeNotAvailable,  # Order could not be placed(perhaps due to internal error or trade halt). Please retry placing order.
                    'Invalid offset.': BadRequest,
                    'Trading is currently unavailable for your account.': AccountSuspended,  # {"status": "error", "reason": {"__all__": ["Trading is currently unavailable for your account."]}, "response_code": "403.004"}
                },
                'broad': {
                    'Minimum order size is': InvalidOrder,  # Minimum order size is 5.0 EUR.
                    'Check your account balance for details.': InsufficientFunds,  # You have only 0.00100000 BTC available. Check your account balance for details.
                    'Ensure self value has at least': InvalidAddress,  # Ensure self value has at least 25 characters(it has 4).
                    'Ensure that there are no more than': InvalidOrder,  # {"status": "error", "reason": {"amount": ["Ensure that there are no more than 0 decimal places."], "__all__": [""]}}
                },
            },
            'features': {
                'spot': {
                    'sandbox': False,
                    'createOrder': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'triggerPrice': False,
                        'triggerPriceType': None,
                        'triggerDirection': False,
                        'stopLossPrice': False,
                        'takeProfitPrice': False,
                        'attachedStopLossTakeProfit': None,
                        'timeInForce': {
                            'IOC': True,
                            'FOK': True,
                            'PO': True,
                            'GTD': True,
                        },
                        'hedged': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'leverage': False,
                        'marketBuyByCost': False,
                        'marketBuyRequiresPrice': False,
                        'selfTradePrevention': False,
                        'iceberg': False,
                    },
                    'createOrders': None,
                    'fetchMyTrades': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 1000,
                        'daysBack': None,
                        'untilDays': 30,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOrder': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOpenOrders': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': None,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOrders': None,
                    'fetchClosedOrders': None,
                    'fetchOHLCV': {
                        'limit': 1000,
                    },
                },
                'swap': {
                    'linear': None,
                    'inverse': None,
                },
                'future': {
                    'linear': None,
                    'inverse': None,
                },
            },
        })

    async def fetch_markets(self, params={}) -> List[Market]:
        """
        retrieves data on all markets for bitstamp

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Market-info/operation/GetTradingPairsInfo

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: an array of objects representing market data
        """
        response = await self.fetch_markets_from_cache(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "trading": "Enabled",
        #             "base_decimals": 8,
        #             "url_symbol": "btcusd",
        #             "name": "BTC/USD",
        #             "instant_and_market_orders": "Enabled",
        #             "minimum_order": "20.0 USD",
        #             "counter_decimals": 2,
        #             "description": "Bitcoin / U.S. dollar"
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        result = []
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            market = response[i]
            name = self.safe_string(market, 'name')
            base, quote = name.split('/')
            baseId = base.lower()
            quoteId = quote.lower()
            base = self.safe_currency_code(base)
            quote = self.safe_currency_code(quote)
            minimumOrder = self.safe_string(market, 'minimum_order')
            parts = minimumOrder.split(' ')
            status = self.safe_string(market, 'trading')
            result.append({
                'id': self.safe_string(market, 'url_symbol'),
                'marketId': baseId + '_' + quoteId,
                'symbol': base + '/' + quote,
                'base': base,
                'quote': quote,
                'settle': None,
                'baseId': baseId,
                'quoteId': quoteId,
                'settleId': None,
                'type': 'spot',
                'spot': True,
                'margin': False,
                'future': False,
                'swap': False,
                'option': False,
                'active': (status == 'Enabled'),
                'contract': False,
                'linear': None,
                'inverse': None,
                'contractSize': None,
                'expiry': None,
                'expiryDatetime': None,
                'strike': None,
                'optionType': None,
                'precision': {
                    'amount': self.parse_number(self.parse_precision(self.safe_string(market, 'base_decimals'))),
                    'price': self.parse_number(self.parse_precision(self.safe_string(market, 'counter_decimals'))),
                },
                'limits': {
                    'leverage': {
                        'min': None,
                        'max': None,
                    },
                    'amount': {
                        'min': None,
                        'max': None,
                    },
                    'price': {
                        'min': None,
                        'max': None,
                    },
                    'cost': {
                        'min': self.safe_number(parts, 0),
                        'max': None,
                    },
                },
                'created': None,
                'info': market,
            })
        return result

    def construct_currency_object(self, id, code, name, precision, minCost, originalPayload):
        currencyType = 'crypto'
        description = self.describe()
        if self.is_fiat(code):
            currencyType = 'fiat'
        tickSize = self.parse_number(self.parse_precision(self.number_to_string(precision)))
        return {
            'id': id,
            'code': code,
            'info': originalPayload,  # the original payload
            'type': currencyType,
            'name': name,
            'active': True,
            'deposit': None,
            'withdraw': None,
            'fee': self.safe_number(description['fees']['funding']['withdraw'], code),
            'precision': tickSize,
            'limits': {
                'amount': {
                    'min': tickSize,
                    'max': None,
                },
                'price': {
                    'min': tickSize,
                    'max': None,
                },
                'cost': {
                    'min': minCost,
                    'max': None,
                },
                'withdraw': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': None,
                },
            },
            'networks': {},
        }

    async def fetch_markets_from_cache(self, params={}):
        # self method is now redundant
        # currencies are now fetched before markets
        options = self.safe_value(self.options, 'fetchMarkets', {})
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(options, 'timestamp')
        expires = self.safe_integer(options, 'expires', 1000)
        now = self.milliseconds()
        if (timestamp is None) or ((now - timestamp) > expires):
            response = await self.publicGetTradingPairsInfo(params)
            self.options['fetchMarkets'] = self.extend(options, {
                'response': response,
                'timestamp': now,
            })
        return self.safe_value(self.options['fetchMarkets'], 'response')

    async def fetch_currencies(self, params={}) -> Currencies:
        """
        fetches all available currencies on an exchange

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Market-info/operation/GetTradingPairsInfo

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: an associative dictionary of currencies
        """
        response = await self.fetch_markets_from_cache(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "trading": "Enabled",
        #             "base_decimals": 8,
        #             "url_symbol": "btcusd",
        #             "name": "BTC/USD",
        #             "instant_and_market_orders": "Enabled",
        #             "minimum_order": "20.0 USD",
        #             "counter_decimals": 2,
        #             "description": "Bitcoin / U.S. dollar"
        #         },
        #     ]
        #
        result: dict = {}
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            market = response[i]
            name = self.safe_string(market, 'name')
            base, quote = name.split('/')
            baseId = base.lower()
            quoteId = quote.lower()
            base = self.safe_currency_code(base)
            quote = self.safe_currency_code(quote)
            description = self.safe_string(market, 'description')
            baseDescription, quoteDescription = description.split(' / ')
            minimumOrder = self.safe_string(market, 'minimum_order')
            parts = minimumOrder.split(' ')
            cost = parts[0]
            if not (base in result):
                baseDecimals = self.safe_integer(market, 'base_decimals')
                result[base] = self.construct_currency_object(baseId, base, baseDescription, baseDecimals, None, market)
            if not (quote in result):
                counterDecimals = self.safe_integer(market, 'counter_decimals')
                result[quote] = self.construct_currency_object(quoteId, quote, quoteDescription, counterDecimals, self.parse_number(cost), market)
        return result

    async def fetch_order_book(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> OrderBook:
        """
        fetches information on open orders with bid(buy) and ask(sell) prices, volumes and other data

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Order-book/operation/GetOrderBook

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of order book entries to return
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: A dictionary of `order book structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure>` indexed by market symbols
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'pair': market['id'],
        }
        response = await self.publicGetOrderBookPair(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "timestamp": "1583652948",
        #         "microtimestamp": "1583652948955826",
        #         "bids": [
        #             ["8750.00", "1.33685271"],
        #             ["8749.39", "0.07700000"],
        #             ["8746.98", "0.07400000"],
        #         ]
        #         "asks": [
        #             ["8754.10", "1.51995636"],
        #             ["8754.71", "1.40000000"],
        #             ["8754.72", "2.50000000"],
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        microtimestamp = self.safe_integer(response, 'microtimestamp')
        timestamp = self.parse_to_int(microtimestamp / 1000)
        orderbook = self.parse_order_book(response, market['symbol'], timestamp)
        orderbook['nonce'] = microtimestamp
        return orderbook

    def parse_ticker(self, ticker: dict, market: Market = None) -> Ticker:
        #
        # {
        #     "timestamp": "1686068944",
        #     "high": "26252",
        #     "last": "26216",
        #     "bid": "26208",
        #     "vwap": "25681",
        #     "volume": "3563.13819902",
        #     "low": "25350",
        #     "ask": "26211",
        #     "open": "25730",
        #     "open_24": "25895",
        #     "percent_change_24": "1.24",
        #     "pair": "BTC/USD"
        # }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(ticker, 'pair')
        symbol = self.safe_symbol(marketId, market, None)
        timestamp = self.safe_timestamp(ticker, 'timestamp')
        vwap = self.safe_string(ticker, 'vwap')
        baseVolume = self.safe_string(ticker, 'volume')
        quoteVolume = Precise.string_mul(baseVolume, vwap)
        last = self.safe_string(ticker, 'last')
        return self.safe_ticker({
            'symbol': symbol,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'high': self.safe_string(ticker, 'high'),
            'low': self.safe_string(ticker, 'low'),
            'bid': self.safe_string(ticker, 'bid'),
            'bidVolume': None,
            'ask': self.safe_string(ticker, 'ask'),
            'askVolume': None,
            'vwap': vwap,
            'open': self.safe_string(ticker, 'open'),
            'close': last,
            'last': last,
            'previousClose': None,
            'change': None,
            'percentage': None,
            'average': None,
            'baseVolume': baseVolume,
            'quoteVolume': quoteVolume,
            'info': ticker,
        }, market)

    async def fetch_ticker(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> Ticker:
        """
        fetches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Tickers/operation/GetMarketTicker

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `ticker structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'pair': market['id'],
        }
        ticker = await self.publicGetTickerPair(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # {
        #     "timestamp": "1686068944",
        #     "high": "26252",
        #     "last": "26216",
        #     "bid": "26208",
        #     "vwap": "25681",
        #     "volume": "3563.13819902",
        #     "low": "25350",
        #     "ask": "26211",
        #     "open": "25730",
        #     "open_24": "25895",
        #     "percent_change_24": "1.24"
        # }
        #
        return self.parse_ticker(ticker, market)

    async def fetch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> Tickers:
        """
        fetches price tickers for multiple markets, statistical information calculated over the past 24 hours for each market

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Tickers/operation/GetCurrencyPairTickers

        :param str[]|None symbols: unified symbols of the markets to fetch the ticker for, all market tickers are returned if not assigned
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a dictionary of `ticker structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        response = await self.publicGetTicker(params)
        #
        # {
        #     "timestamp": "1686068944",
        #     "high": "26252",
        #     "last": "26216",
        #     "bid": "26208",
        #     "vwap": "25681",
        #     "volume": "3563.13819902",
        #     "low": "25350",
        #     "ask": "26211",
        #     "open": "25730",
        #     "open_24": "25895",
        #     "percent_change_24": "1.24",
        #     "pair": "BTC/USD"
        # }
        #
        return self.parse_tickers(response, symbols)

    def get_currency_id_from_transaction(self, transaction):
        #
        #     {
        #         "fee": "0.00000000",
        #         "btc_usd": "0.00",
        #         "datetime": XXX,
        #         "usd": 0.0,
        #         "btc": 0.0,
        #         "eth": "0.05000000",
        #         "type": "0",
        #         "id": XXX,
        #         "eur": 0.0
        #     }
        #
        currencyId = self.safe_string_lower(transaction, 'currency')
        if currencyId is not None:
            return currencyId
        transaction = self.omit(transaction, [
            'fee',
            'price',
            'datetime',
            'type',
            'status',
            'id',
        ])
        ids = list(transaction.keys())
        for i in range(0, len(ids)):
            id = ids[i]
            if id.find('_') < 0:
                value = self.safe_integer(transaction, id)
                if (value is not None) and (value != 0):
                    return id
        return None

    def get_market_from_trade(self, trade):
        trade = self.omit(trade, [
            'fee',
            'price',
            'datetime',
            'tid',
            'type',
            'order_id',
            'side',
        ])
        currencyIds = list(trade.keys())
        numCurrencyIds = len(currencyIds)
        if numCurrencyIds > 2:
            raise ExchangeError(self.id + ' getMarketFromTrade() too many keys: ' + self.json(currencyIds) + ' in the trade: ' + self.json(trade))
        if numCurrencyIds == 2:
            marketId = currencyIds[0] + currencyIds[1]
            if marketId in self.markets_by_id:
                return self.safe_market(marketId)
            marketId = currencyIds[1] + currencyIds[0]
            if marketId in self.markets_by_id:
                return self.safe_market(marketId)
        return None

    def parse_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None) -> Trade:
        #
        # fetchTrades(public)
        #
        #      {
        #          "date": "1637845199",
        #          "tid": "209895701",
        #          "amount": "0.00500000",
        #          "type": "0",             # Transaction type: 0 - buy; 1 - sell
        #          "price": "4451.25"
        #      }
        #
        # fetchMyTrades, trades returned within fetchOrder(private)
        #
        #      {
        #          "fee": "0.11128",
        #          "eth_usdt":  4451.25,
        #          "datetime": "2021-11-25 12:59:59.322000",
        #          "usdt": "-22.26",
        #          "order_id":  1429545880227846,
        #          "usd":  0,
        #          "btc":  0,
        #          "eth": "0.00500000",
        #          "type": "2",                    # Transaction type: 0 - deposit; 1 - withdrawal; 2 - market trade; 14 - sub account transfer; 25 - credited with staked assets; 26 - sent assets to staking; 27 - staking reward; 32 - referral reward; 35 - inter account transfer.
        #          "id":  209895701,
        #          "eur":  0
        #      }
        #
        # from fetchOrder(private)
        #
        #      {
        #          "fee": "0.11128",
        #          "price": "4451.25000000",
        #          "datetime": "2021-11-25 12:59:59.322000",
        #          "usdt": "22.25625000",
        #          "tid": 209895701,
        #          "eth": "0.00500000",
        #          "type": 2                       # Transaction type: 0 - deposit; 1 - withdrawal; 2 - market trade
        #      }
        #
        id = self.safe_string_2(trade, 'id', 'tid')
        symbol = None
        side = None
        priceString = self.safe_string(trade, 'price')
        amountString = self.safe_string(trade, 'amount')
        orderId = self.safe_string(trade, 'order_id')
        type = None
        costString = self.safe_string(trade, 'cost')
        rawMarketId = None
        if market is None:
            keys = list(trade.keys())
            for i in range(0, len(keys)):
                currentKey = keys[i]
                if currentKey != 'order_id' and currentKey.find('_') >= 0:
                    rawMarketId = currentKey
                    market = self.safe_market(rawMarketId, market, '_')
        # if the market is still not defined
        # try to deduce it from used keys
        if market is None:
            market = self.get_market_from_trade(trade)
        feeCostString = self.safe_string(trade, 'fee')
        feeCurrency = market['quote']
        priceId = rawMarketId if (rawMarketId is not None) else market['marketId']
        priceString = self.safe_string(trade, priceId, priceString)
        amountString = self.safe_string(trade, market['baseId'], amountString)
        costString = self.safe_string(trade, market['quoteId'], costString)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        datetimeString = self.safe_string_2(trade, 'date', 'datetime')
        timestamp = None
        if datetimeString is not None:
            if datetimeString.find(' ') >= 0:
                # iso8601
                timestamp = self.parse8601(datetimeString)
            else:
                # string unix epoch in seconds
                timestamp = int(datetimeString)
                timestamp = timestamp * 1000
        # if it is a private trade
        if 'id' in trade:
            if amountString is not None:
                isAmountNeg = Precise.string_lt(amountString, '0')
                if isAmountNeg:
                    side = 'sell'
                    amountString = Precise.string_neg(amountString)
                else:
                    side = 'buy'
        else:
            side = self.safe_string(trade, 'type')
            if side == '1':
                side = 'sell'
            elif side == '0':
                side = 'buy'
            else:
                side = None
        if costString is not None:
            costString = Precise.string_abs(costString)
        fee = None
        if feeCostString is not None:
            fee = {
                'cost': feeCostString,
                'currency': feeCurrency,
            }
        return self.safe_trade({
            'id': id,
            'info': trade,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'symbol': symbol,
            'order': orderId,
            'type': type,
            'side': side,
            'takerOrMaker': None,
            'price': priceString,
            'amount': amountString,
            'cost': costString,
            'fee': fee,
        }, market)

    async def fetch_trades(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Trade]:
        """
        get the list of most recent trades for a particular symbol

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Transactions-public/operation/GetTransactions

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of trades to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'pair': market['id'],
            'time': 'hour',
        }
        response = await self.publicGetTransactionsPair(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "date": "1551814435",
        #             "tid": "83581898",
        #             "price": "0.03532850",
        #             "type": "1",
        #             "amount": "0.85945907"
        #         },
        #         {
        #             "date": "1551814434",
        #             "tid": "83581896",
        #             "price": "0.03532851",
        #             "type": "1",
        #             "amount": "11.34130961"
        #         },
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_trades(response, market, since, limit)

    def parse_ohlcv(self, ohlcv, market: Market = None) -> list:
        #
        #     {
        #         "high": "9064.77",
        #         "timestamp": "1593961440",
        #         "volume": "18.49436608",
        #         "low": "9040.87",
        #         "close": "9064.77",
        #         "open": "9040.87"
        #     }
        #
        return [
            self.safe_timestamp(ohlcv, 'timestamp'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'open'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'high'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'low'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'close'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'volume'),
        ]

    async def fetch_ohlcv(self, symbol: str, timeframe: str = '1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[list]:
        """
        fetches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Market-info/operation/GetOHLCData

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
        :param str timeframe: the length of time each candle represents
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns int[][]: A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, volume
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'pair': market['id'],
            'step': self.safe_string(self.timeframes, timeframe, timeframe),
        }
        duration = self.parse_timeframe(timeframe)
        if limit is None:
            if since is None:
                request['limit'] = 1000  # we need to specify an allowed amount of `limit` if no `since` is set and there is no default limit by exchange
            else:
                limit = 1000
                start = self.parse_to_int(since / 1000)
                request['start'] = start
                request['end'] = self.sum(start, duration * (limit - 1))
                request['limit'] = limit
        else:
            if since is not None:
                start = self.parse_to_int(since / 1000)
                request['start'] = start
                request['end'] = self.sum(start, duration * (limit - 1))
            request['limit'] = min(limit, 1000)  # min 1, max 1000
        response = await self.publicGetOhlcPair(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "data": {
        #             "pair": "BTC/USD",
        #             "ohlc": [
        #                 {"high": "9064.77", "timestamp": "1593961440", "volume": "18.49436608", "low": "9040.87", "close": "9064.77", "open": "9040.87"},
        #                 {"high": "9071.59", "timestamp": "1593961500", "volume": "3.48631711", "low": "9058.76", "close": "9061.07", "open": "9064.66"},
        #                 {"high": "9067.33", "timestamp": "1593961560", "volume": "0.04142833", "low": "9061.94", "close": "9061.94", "open": "9067.33"},
        #             ],
        #         }
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_value(response, 'data', {})
        ohlc = self.safe_list(data, 'ohlc', [])
        return self.parse_ohlcvs(ohlc, market, timeframe, since, limit)

    def parse_balance(self, response) -> Balances:
        result: dict = {
            'info': response,
            'timestamp': None,
            'datetime': None,
        }
        if response is None:
            response = []
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            currencyBalance = response[i]
            currencyId = self.safe_string(currencyBalance, 'currency')
            currencyCode = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId)
            account = self.account()
            account['free'] = self.safe_string(currencyBalance, 'available')
            account['used'] = self.safe_string(currencyBalance, 'reserved')
            account['total'] = self.safe_string(currencyBalance, 'total')
            result[currencyCode] = account
        return self.safe_balance(result)

    async def fetch_balance(self, params={}) -> Balances:
        """
        query for balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Account-balances/operation/GetAccountBalances

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `balance structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=balance-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        response = await self.privatePostAccountBalances(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "currency": "usdt",
        #             "total": "7.00000",
        #             "available": "7.00000",
        #             "reserved": "0.00000"
        #         },
        #         ...
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_balance(response)

    async def fetch_trading_fee(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> TradingFeeInterface:
        """
        fetch the trading fees for a market

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Fees/operation/GetTradingFeesForCurrency

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `fee structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=fee-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market_symbol': market['id'],
        }
        response = await self.privatePostFeesTrading(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "currency_pair": "btcusd",
        #             "fees":
        #                 {
        #                     "maker": "0.15000",
        #                     "taker": "0.16000"
        #                 },
        #             "market": "btcusd"
        #         }
        #         ...
        #     ]
        #
        tradingFeesByMarketId = self.index_by(response, 'currency_pair')
        tradingFee = self.safe_dict(tradingFeesByMarketId, market['id'])
        return self.parse_trading_fee(tradingFee, market)

    def parse_trading_fee(self, fee: dict, market: Market = None) -> TradingFeeInterface:
        marketId = self.safe_string(fee, 'market')
        fees = self.safe_dict(fee, 'fees', {})
        return {
            'info': fee,
            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
            'maker': self.safe_number(fees, 'maker'),
            'taker': self.safe_number(fees, 'taker'),
            'percentage': None,
            'tierBased': None,
        }

    def parse_trading_fees(self, fees):
        result: dict = {'info': fees}
        for i in range(0, len(fees)):
            fee = self.parse_trading_fee(fees[i])
            symbol = fee['symbol']
            result[symbol] = fee
        return result

    async def fetch_trading_fees(self, params={}) -> TradingFees:
        """
        fetch the trading fees for multiple markets

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Fees/operation/GetAllTradingFees

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a dictionary of `fee structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=fee-structure>` indexed by market symbols
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        response = await self.privatePostFeesTrading(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "currency_pair": "btcusd",
        #             "fees":
        #                 {
        #                     "maker": "0.15000",
        #                     "taker": "0.16000"
        #                 },
        #             "market": "btcusd"
        #         }
        #         ...
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_trading_fees(response)

    async def fetch_transaction_fees(self, codes: Strings = None, params={}):
        """
 @deprecated
        please use fetchDepositWithdrawFees instead

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Fees

        :param str[]|None codes: list of unified currency codes
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `fee structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=fee-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        response = await self.privatePostFeesWithdrawal(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "currency": "btc",
        #             "fee": "0.00015000",
        #             "network": "bitcoin"
        #         }
        #         ...
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_transaction_fees(response)

    def parse_transaction_fees(self, response, codes=None):
        result: dict = {}
        currencies = self.index_by(response, 'currency')
        ids = list(currencies.keys())
        for i in range(0, len(ids)):
            id = ids[i]
            fees = self.safe_value(response, i, {})
            code = self.safe_currency_code(id)
            if (codes is not None) and not self.in_array(code, codes):
                continue
            result[code] = {
                'withdraw_fee': self.safe_number(fees, 'fee'),
                'deposit': {},
                'info': self.safe_dict(currencies, id),
            }
        return result

    async def fetch_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, codes=None, params={}):
        """
        fetch deposit and withdraw fees

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Fees/operation/GetAllWithdrawalFees

        :param str[]|None codes: list of unified currency codes
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `fee structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=fee-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        response = await self.privatePostFeesWithdrawal(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "currency": "btc",
        #             "fee": "0.00015000",
        #             "network": "bitcoin"
        #         }
        #         ...
        #     ]
        #
        responseByCurrencyId = self.group_by(response, 'currency')
        return self.parse_deposit_withdraw_fees(responseByCurrencyId, codes)

    def parse_deposit_withdraw_fee(self, fee, currency=None):
        result = self.deposit_withdraw_fee(fee)
        for j in range(0, len(fee)):
            networkEntry = fee[j]
            networkId = self.safe_string(networkEntry, 'network')
            networkCode = self.network_id_to_code(networkId)
            withdrawFee = self.safe_number(networkEntry, 'fee')
            result['withdraw'] = {
                'fee': withdrawFee,
                'percentage': None,
            }
            result['networks'][networkCode] = {
                'withdraw': {
                    'fee': withdrawFee,
                    'percentage': None,
                },
                'deposit': {
                    'fee': None,
                    'percentage': None,
                },
            }
        return result

    async def create_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
        """
        create a trade order

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/OpenInstantBuyOrder
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/OpenMarketBuyOrder
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/OpenLimitBuyOrder
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/OpenInstantSellOrder
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/OpenMarketSellOrder
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/OpenLimitSellOrder

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
        :param float amount: how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
        :param float [price]: the price at which the order is to be fulfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'pair': market['id'],
            'amount': self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount),
        }
        clientOrderId = self.safe_string_2(params, 'client_order_id', 'clientOrderId')
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['client_order_id'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['clientOrderId'])
        response = None
        capitalizedSide = self.capitalize(side)
        if type == 'market':
            if capitalizedSide == 'Buy':
                response = await self.privatePostBuyMarketPair(self.extend(request, params))
            else:
                response = await self.privatePostSellMarketPair(self.extend(request, params))
        elif type == 'instant':
            if capitalizedSide == 'Buy':
                response = await self.privatePostBuyInstantPair(self.extend(request, params))
            else:
                response = await self.privatePostSellInstantPair(self.extend(request, params))
        else:
            request['price'] = self.price_to_precision(symbol, price)
            if capitalizedSide == 'Buy':
                response = await self.privatePostBuyPair(self.extend(request, params))
            else:
                response = await self.privatePostSellPair(self.extend(request, params))
        order = self.parse_order(response, market)
        order['type'] = type
        return order

    async def cancel_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancels an open order

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/CancelOrder

        :param str id: order id
        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {
            'id': id,
        }
        response = await self.privatePostCancelOrder(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #    {
        #        "id": 1453282316578816,
        #        "amount": "0.02035278",
        #        "price": "2100.45",
        #        "type": 0,
        #        "market": "BTC/USD"
        #    }
        #
        return self.parse_order(response)

    async def cancel_all_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancel all open orders

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/CancelAllOrders
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/CancelOrdersForMarket

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol, only orders in the market of self symbol are cancelled when symbol is not None
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = None
        request: dict = {}
        response = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['pair'] = market['id']
            response = await self.privatePostCancelAllOrdersPair(self.extend(request, params))
        else:
            response = await self.privatePostCancelAllOrders(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #    {
        #        "canceled": [
        #            {
        #                "id": 1453282316578816,
        #                "amount": "0.02035278",
        #                "price": "2100.45",
        #                "type": 0,
        #                "currency_pair": "BTC/USD",
        #                "market": "BTC/USD"
        #            }
        #        ],
        #        "success": True
        #    }
        #
        canceled = self.safe_list(response, 'canceled')
        return self.parse_orders(canceled)

    def parse_order_status(self, status: Str):
        statuses: dict = {
            'In Queue': 'open',
            'Open': 'open',
            'Finished': 'closed',
            'Canceled': 'canceled',
        }
        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)

    async def fetch_order_status(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        await self.load_markets()
        clientOrderId = self.safe_value_2(params, 'client_order_id', 'clientOrderId')
        request: dict = {}
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['client_order_id'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['client_order_id', 'clientOrderId'])
        else:
            request['id'] = id
        response = await self.privatePostOrderStatus(self.extend(request, params))
        return self.parse_order_status(self.safe_string(response, 'status'))

    async def fetch_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        fetches information on an order made by the user

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/GetOrderStatus

        :param str id: the order id
        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        market = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
        clientOrderId = self.safe_value_2(params, 'client_order_id', 'clientOrderId')
        request: dict = {}
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['client_order_id'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['client_order_id', 'clientOrderId'])
        else:
            request['id'] = id
        response = await self.privatePostOrderStatus(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #      {
        #          "status": "Finished",
        #          "id": 1429545880227846,
        #          "amount_remaining": "0.00000000",
        #          "transactions": [
        #              {
        #                  "fee": "0.11128",
        #                  "price": "4451.25000000",
        #                  "datetime": "2021-11-25 12:59:59.322000",
        #                  "usdt": "22.25625000",
        #                  "tid": 209895701,
        #                  "eth": "0.00500000",
        #                  "type": 2
        #              }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        return self.parse_order(response, market)

    async def fetch_my_trades(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
        """
        fetch all trades made by the user

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Transactions-private/operation/GetUserTransactions
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Transactions-private/operation/GetUserTransactionsForMarket

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of trades structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=trade-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        method = 'privatePostUserTransactions'
        market = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['pair'] = market['id']
            method += 'Pair'
        if limit is not None:
            request['limit'] = limit
        response = await getattr(self, method)(self.extend(request, params))
        result = self.filter_by(response, 'type', '2')
        return self.parse_trades(result, market, since, limit)

    async def fetch_deposits_withdrawals(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Transaction]:
        """
        fetch history of deposits and withdrawals

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Transactions-private/operation/GetUserTransactions

        :param str [code]: unified currency code for the currency of the deposit/withdrawals, default is None
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest deposit/withdrawal, default is None
        :param int [limit]: max number of deposit/withdrawals to return, default is None
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a list of `transaction structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        if limit is not None:
            request['limit'] = limit
        response = await self.privatePostUserTransactions(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "fee": "0.00000000",
        #             "btc_usd": "0.00",
        #             "id": 1234567894,
        #             "usd": 0,
        #             "btc": 0,
        #             "datetime": "2018-09-08 09:00:31",
        #             "type": "1",
        #             "xrp": "-20.00000000",
        #             "eur": 0,
        #         },
        #         {
        #             "fee": "0.00000000",
        #             "btc_usd": "0.00",
        #             "id": 1134567891,
        #             "usd": 0,
        #             "btc": 0,
        #             "datetime": "2018-09-07 18:47:52",
        #             "type": "0",
        #             "xrp": "20.00000000",
        #             "eur": 0,
        #         },
        #     ]
        #
        currency = None
        if code is not None:
            currency = self.currency(code)
        transactions = self.filter_by_array(response, 'type', ['0', '1'], False)
        return self.parse_transactions(transactions, currency, since, limit)

    async def fetch_withdrawals(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Transaction]:
        """
        fetch all withdrawals made from an account

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Withdrawals/operation/GetWithdrawalRequests

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch withdrawals for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of withdrawals structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `transaction structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        if since is not None:
            request['timedelta'] = self.milliseconds() - since
        else:
            request['timedelta'] = 50000000  # use max bitstamp approved value
        response = await self.privatePostWithdrawalRequests(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "status": 2,
        #             "datetime": "2018-10-17 10:58:13",
        #             "currency": "BTC",
        #             "amount": "0.29669259",
        #             "address": "aaaaa",
        #             "type": 1,
        #             "id": 111111,
        #             "transaction_id": "xxxx",
        #         },
        #         {
        #             "status": 2,
        #             "datetime": "2018-10-17 10:55:17",
        #             "currency": "ETH",
        #             "amount": "1.11010664",
        #             "address": "aaaa",
        #             "type": 16,
        #             "id": 222222,
        #             "transaction_id": "xxxxx",
        #         },
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_transactions(response, None, since, limit)

    def parse_transaction(self, transaction: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> Transaction:
        #
        # fetchDepositsWithdrawals
        #
        #     {
        #         "fee": "0.00000000",
        #         "btc_usd": "0.00",
        #         "id": 1234567894,
        #         "usd": 0,
        #         "btc": 0,
        #         "datetime": "2018-09-08 09:00:31",
        #         "type": "1",
        #         "xrp": "-20.00000000",
        #         "eur": 0,
        #     }
        #
        # fetchWithdrawals
        #
        #     {
        #         "status": 2,
        #         "datetime": "2018-10-17 10:58:13",
        #         "currency": "BTC",
        #         "amount": "0.29669259",
        #         "address": "aaaaa",
        #         "type": 1,
        #         "id": 111111,
        #         "transaction_id": "xxxx",
        #     }
        #
        #     {
        #         "id": 3386432,
        #         "type": 14,
        #         "amount": "863.21332500",
        #         "status": 2,
        #         "address": "rE1sdh25BJQ3qFwngiTBwaq3zPGGYcrjp1?dt=1455",
        #         "currency": "XRP",
        #         "datetime": "2018-01-05 15:27:55",
        #         "transaction_id": "001743B03B0C79BA166A064AC0142917B050347B4CB23BA2AB4B91B3C5608F4C"
        #     }
        #
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(transaction, 'datetime'))
        currencyId = self.get_currency_id_from_transaction(transaction)
        code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId, currency)
        feeCost = self.safe_string(transaction, 'fee')
        feeCurrency = None
        amount = None
        if 'amount' in transaction:
            amount = self.safe_string(transaction, 'amount')
        elif currency is not None:
            amount = self.safe_string(transaction, currency['id'], amount)
            feeCurrency = currency['code']
        elif (code is not None) and (currencyId is not None):
            amount = self.safe_string(transaction, currencyId, amount)
            feeCurrency = code
        if amount is not None:
            # withdrawals have a negative amount
            amount = Precise.string_abs(amount)
        status = 'ok'
        if 'status' in transaction:
            status = self.parse_transaction_status(self.safe_string(transaction, 'status'))
        type = None
        if 'type' in transaction:
            # from fetchDepositsWithdrawals
            rawType = self.safe_string(transaction, 'type')
            if rawType == '0':
                type = 'deposit'
            elif rawType == '1':
                type = 'withdrawal'
        else:
            # from fetchWithdrawals
            type = 'withdrawal'
        tag = None
        address = self.safe_string(transaction, 'address')
        if address is not None:
            # dt(destination tag) is embedded into the address field
            addressParts = address.split('?dt=')
            numParts = len(addressParts)
            if numParts > 1:
                address = addressParts[0]
                tag = addressParts[1]
        fee = {
            'currency': None,
            'cost': None,
            'rate': None,
        }
        if feeCost is not None:
            fee = {
                'currency': feeCurrency,
                'cost': feeCost,
                'rate': None,
            }
        return {
            'info': transaction,
            'id': self.safe_string(transaction, 'id'),
            'txid': self.safe_string(transaction, 'transaction_id'),
            'type': type,
            'currency': code,
            'network': None,
            'amount': self.parse_number(amount),
            'status': status,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'address': address,
            'addressFrom': None,
            'addressTo': address,
            'tag': tag,
            'tagFrom': None,
            'tagTo': tag,
            'updated': None,
            'comment': None,
            'internal': None,
            'fee': fee,
        }

    def parse_transaction_status(self, status: Str):
        #
        #   withdrawals:
        #   0(open), 1(in process), 2(finished), 3(canceled) or 4(failed).
        #
        statuses: dict = {
            '0': 'pending',  # Open
            '1': 'pending',  # In process
            '2': 'ok',  # Finished
            '3': 'canceled',  # Canceled
            '4': 'failed',  # Failed
        }
        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)

    def parse_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None) -> Order:
        #
        #   from fetch order:
        #     {status: "Finished",
        #       "id": 731693945,
        #       "client_order_id": '',
        #       "transactions":
        #       [{fee: "0.000019",
        #           "price": "0.00015803",
        #           "datetime": "2018-01-07 10:45:34.132551",
        #           "btc": "0.0079015000000000",
        #           "tid": 42777395,
        #           "type": 2,
        #           "xrp": "50.00000000"}]}
        #
        #   partially filled order:
        #     {"id": 468646390,
        #       "client_order_id": "",
        #       "status": "Canceled",
        #       "transactions": [{
        #           "eth": "0.23000000",
        #           "fee": "0.09",
        #           "tid": 25810126,
        #           "usd": "69.8947000000000000",
        #           "type": 2,
        #           "price": "303.89000000",
        #           "datetime": "2017-11-11 07:22:20.710567"
        #       }]}
        #
        #   from create order response:
        #       {
        #           "price": "0.00008012",
        #           "client_order_id": '',
        #           "currency_pair": "XRP/BTC",
        #           "datetime": "2019-01-31 21:23:36",
        #           "amount": "15.00000000",
        #           "type": "0",
        #           "id": "2814205012"
        #       }
        #
        # cancelOrder
        #
        #    {
        #        "id": 1453282316578816,
        #        "amount": "0.02035278",
        #        "price": "2100.45",
        #        "type": 0,
        #        "market": "BTC/USD"
        #    }
        #
        id = self.safe_string(order, 'id')
        clientOrderId = self.safe_string(order, 'client_order_id')
        side = self.safe_string(order, 'type')
        if side is not None:
            side = 'sell' if (side == '1') else 'buy'
        # there is no timestamp from fetchOrder
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(order, 'datetime'))
        marketId = self.safe_string_lower(order, 'currency_pair')
        symbol = self.safe_symbol(marketId, market, '/')
        status = self.parse_order_status(self.safe_string(order, 'status'))
        amount = self.safe_string(order, 'amount')
        transactions = self.safe_value(order, 'transactions', [])
        price = self.safe_string(order, 'price')
        return self.safe_order({
            'id': id,
            'clientOrderId': clientOrderId,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'lastTradeTimestamp': None,
            'status': status,
            'symbol': symbol,
            'type': None,
            'timeInForce': None,
            'postOnly': None,
            'side': side,
            'price': price,
            'triggerPrice': None,
            'cost': None,
            'amount': amount,
            'filled': None,
            'remaining': None,
            'trades': transactions,
            'fee': None,
            'info': order,
            'average': None,
        }, market)

    def parse_ledger_entry_type(self, type):
        types: dict = {
            '0': 'transaction',
            '1': 'transaction',
            '2': 'trade',
            '14': 'transfer',
        }
        return self.safe_string(types, type, type)

    def parse_ledger_entry(self, item: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> LedgerEntry:
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "fee": "0.00000000",
        #             "btc_usd": "0.00",
        #             "id": 1234567894,
        #             "usd": 0,
        #             "btc": 0,
        #             "datetime": "2018-09-08 09:00:31",
        #             "type": "1",
        #             "xrp": "-20.00000000",
        #             "eur": 0,
        #         },
        #         {
        #             "fee": "0.00000000",
        #             "btc_usd": "0.00",
        #             "id": 1134567891,
        #             "usd": 0,
        #             "btc": 0,
        #             "datetime": "2018-09-07 18:47:52",
        #             "type": "0",
        #             "xrp": "20.00000000",
        #             "eur": 0,
        #         },
        #     ]
        #
        type = self.parse_ledger_entry_type(self.safe_string(item, 'type'))
        if type == 'trade':
            parsedTrade = self.parse_trade(item)
            market = None
            keys = list(item.keys())
            for i in range(0, len(keys)):
                if keys[i].find('_') >= 0:
                    marketId = keys[i].replace('_', '')
                    market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
            # if the market is still not defined
            # try to deduce it from used keys
            if market is None:
                market = self.get_market_from_trade(item)
            direction = 'in' if (parsedTrade['side'] == 'buy') else 'out'
            return self.safe_ledger_entry({
                'info': item,
                'id': parsedTrade['id'],
                'timestamp': parsedTrade['timestamp'],
                'datetime': parsedTrade['datetime'],
                'direction': direction,
                'account': None,
                'referenceId': parsedTrade['order'],
                'referenceAccount': None,
                'type': type,
                'currency': market['base'],
                'amount': parsedTrade['amount'],
                'before': None,
                'after': None,
                'status': 'ok',
                'fee': parsedTrade['fee'],
            }, currency)
        else:
            parsedTransaction = self.parse_transaction(item, currency)
            direction = None
            if 'amount' in item:
                amount = self.safe_string(item, 'amount')
                direction = 'in' if Precise.string_gt(amount, '0') else 'out'
            elif ('currency' in parsedTransaction) and parsedTransaction['currency'] is not None:
                currencyCode = self.safe_string(parsedTransaction, 'currency')
                currency = self.currency(currencyCode)
                amount = self.safe_string(item, currency['id'])
                direction = 'in' if Precise.string_gt(amount, '0') else 'out'
            return self.safe_ledger_entry({
                'info': item,
                'id': parsedTransaction['id'],
                'timestamp': parsedTransaction['timestamp'],
                'datetime': parsedTransaction['datetime'],
                'direction': direction,
                'account': None,
                'referenceId': parsedTransaction['txid'],
                'referenceAccount': None,
                'type': type,
                'currency': parsedTransaction['currency'],
                'amount': parsedTransaction['amount'],
                'before': None,
                'after': None,
                'status': parsedTransaction['status'],
                'fee': parsedTransaction['fee'],
            }, currency)

    async def fetch_ledger(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[LedgerEntry]:
        """
        fetch the history of changes, actions done by the user or operations that altered the balance of the user

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Transactions-private/operation/GetUserTransactions

        :param str [code]: unified currency code, default is None
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest ledger entry, default is None
        :param int [limit]: max number of ledger entries to return, default is None
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `ledger structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ledger>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        if limit is not None:
            request['limit'] = limit
        response = await self.privatePostUserTransactions(self.extend(request, params))
        currency = None
        if code is not None:
            currency = self.currency(code)
        return self.parse_ledger(response, currency, since, limit)

    async def fetch_open_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
        """
        fetch all unfilled currently open orders

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/GetAllOpenOrders
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Orders/operation/GetOpenOrdersForMarket

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch open orders for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of  open orders structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        market = None
        await self.load_markets()
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
        response = await self.privatePostOpenOrdersAll(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "price": "0.00008012",
        #             "currency_pair": "XRP/BTC",
        #             "client_order_id": '',
        #             "datetime": "2019-01-31 21:23:36",
        #             "amount": "15.00000000",
        #             "type": "0",
        #             "id": "2814205012",
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_orders(response, market, since, limit, {
            'status': 'open',
            'type': 'limit',
        })

    def get_currency_name(self, code):
        """
 @ignore
        :param str code: Unified currency code
        :returns str: lowercase version of code
        """
        return code.lower()

    def is_fiat(self, code):
        return code == 'USD' or code == 'EUR' or code == 'GBP'

    async def fetch_deposit_address(self, code: str, params={}) -> DepositAddress:
        """
        fetch the deposit address for a currency associated with self account

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Deposits/operation/GetCryptoDepositAddress

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: an `address structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=address-structure>`
        """
        if self.is_fiat(code):
            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fiat fetchDepositAddress() for ' + code + ' is not supported!')
        name = self.get_currency_name(code)
        method = 'privatePost' + self.capitalize(name) + 'Address'
        response = await getattr(self, method)(params)
        address = self.safe_string(response, 'address')
        tag = self.safe_string_2(response, 'memo_id', 'destination_tag')
        self.check_address(address)
        return {
            'info': response,
            'currency': code,
            'network': None,
            'address': address,
            'tag': tag,
        }

    async def withdraw(self, code: str, amount: float, address: str, tag: Str = None, params={}) -> Transaction:
        """
        make a withdrawal

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Withdrawals/operation/RequestFiatWithdrawal
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Withdrawals/operation/RequestCryptoWithdrawal

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param float amount: the amount to withdraw
        :param str address: the address to withdraw to
        :param str tag:
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `transaction structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        # For fiat withdrawals please provide all required additional parameters in the 'params'
        # Check https://www.bitstamp.net/api/ under 'Open bank withdrawal' for list and description.
        tag, params = self.handle_withdraw_tag_and_params(tag, params)
        await self.load_markets()
        self.check_address(address)
        request: dict = {
            'amount': amount,
        }
        currency = None
        method = None
        if not self.is_fiat(code):
            name = self.get_currency_name(code)
            method = 'privatePost' + self.capitalize(name) + 'Withdrawal'
            if code == 'XRP':
                if tag is not None:
                    request['destination_tag'] = tag
            elif code == 'XLM' or code == 'HBAR':
                if tag is not None:
                    request['memo_id'] = tag
            request['address'] = address
        else:
            method = 'privatePostWithdrawalOpen'
            currency = self.currency(code)
            request['iban'] = address
            request['account_currency'] = currency['id']
        response = await getattr(self, method)(self.extend(request, params))
        return self.parse_transaction(response, currency)

    async def transfer(self, code: str, amount: float, fromAccount: str, toAccount: str, params={}) -> TransferEntry:
        """
        transfer currency internally between wallets on the same account

        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Sub-account/operation/TransferFromMainToSub
        https://www.bitstamp.net/api/#tag/Sub-account/operation/TransferFromSubToMain

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param float amount: amount to transfer
        :param str fromAccount: account to transfer from
        :param str toAccount: account to transfer to
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `transfer structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transfer-structure>`
        """
        await self.load_markets()
        currency = self.currency(code)
        request: dict = {
            'amount': self.parse_to_numeric(self.currency_to_precision(code, amount)),
            'currency': currency['id'].upper(),
        }
        response = None
        if fromAccount == 'main':
            request['subAccount'] = toAccount
            response = await self.privatePostTransferFromMain(self.extend(request, params))
        elif toAccount == 'main':
            request['subAccount'] = fromAccount
            response = await self.privatePostTransferToMain(self.extend(request, params))
        else:
            raise BadRequest(self.id + ' transfer() only supports from or to main')
        #
        #    {status: 'ok'}
        #
        transfer = self.parse_transfer(response, currency)
        transfer['amount'] = amount
        transfer['fromAccount'] = fromAccount
        transfer['toAccount'] = toAccount
        return transfer

    def parse_transfer(self, transfer, currency=None):
        #
        #    {status: 'ok'}
        #
        status = self.safe_string(transfer, 'status')
        return {
            'info': transfer,
            'id': None,
            'timestamp': None,
            'datetime': None,
            'currency': currency['code'],
            'amount': None,
            'fromAccount': None,
            'toAccount': None,
            'status': self.parse_transfer_status(status),
        }

    def parse_transfer_status(self, status: Str) -> Str:
        statuses: dict = {
            'ok': 'ok',
            'error': 'failed',
        }
        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)

    def nonce(self):
        return self.milliseconds()

    def sign(self, path, api='public', method='GET', params={}, headers=None, body=None):
        url = self.urls['api'][api] + '/'
        url += self.version + '/'
        url += self.implode_params(path, params)
        query = self.omit(params, self.extract_params(path))
        if api == 'public':
            if query:
                url += '?' + self.urlencode(query)
        else:
            self.check_required_credentials()
            xAuth = 'BITSTAMP ' + self.apiKey
            xAuthNonce = self.uuid()
            xAuthTimestamp = str(self.milliseconds())
            xAuthVersion = 'v2'
            contentType = ''
            headers = {
                'X-Auth': xAuth,
                'X-Auth-Nonce': xAuthNonce,
                'X-Auth-Timestamp': xAuthTimestamp,
                'X-Auth-Version': xAuthVersion,
            }
            if method == 'POST':
                if query:
                    body = self.urlencode(query)
                    contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    headers['Content-Type'] = contentType
                else:
                    # sending an empty POST request will trigger
                    # an API0020 error returned by the exchange
                    # therefore for empty requests we send a dummy object
                    # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6846
                    body = self.urlencode({'foo': 'bar'})
                    contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    headers['Content-Type'] = contentType
            authBody = body if body else ''
            auth = xAuth + method + url.replace('https://', '') + contentType + xAuthNonce + xAuthTimestamp + xAuthVersion + authBody
            signature = self.hmac(self.encode(auth), self.encode(self.secret), hashlib.sha256)
            headers['X-Auth-Signature'] = signature
        return {'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers}

    def handle_errors(self, httpCode: int, reason: str, url: str, method: str, headers: dict, body: str, response, requestHeaders, requestBody):
        if response is None:
            return None
        #
        #     {"error": "No permission found"}  # fetchDepositAddress returns self on apiKeys that don't have the permission required
        #     {"status": "error", "reason": {"__all__": ["Minimum order size is 5.0 EUR."]}}
        #     reuse of a nonce gives: {status: 'error', reason: 'Invalid nonce', code: 'API0004'}
        #
        status = self.safe_string(response, 'status')
        error = self.safe_value(response, 'error')
        if (status == 'error') or (error is not None):
            errors = []
            if isinstance(error, str):
                errors.append(error)
            elif error is not None:
                keys = list(error.keys())
                for i in range(0, len(keys)):
                    key = keys[i]
                    value = self.safe_value(error, key)
                    if isinstance(value, list):
                        errors = self.array_concat(errors, value)
                    else:
                        errors.append(value)
            reasonInner = self.safe_value(response, 'reason', {})
            if isinstance(reasonInner, str):
                errors.append(reasonInner)
            else:
                all = self.safe_value(reasonInner, '__all__', [])
                for i in range(0, len(all)):
                    errors.append(all[i])
            code = self.safe_string(response, 'code')
            if code == 'API0005':
                raise AuthenticationError(self.id + ' invalid signature, use the uid for the main account if you have subaccounts')
            feedback = self.id + ' ' + body
            for i in range(0, len(errors)):
                value = errors[i]
                self.throw_exactly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['exact'], value, feedback)
                self.throw_broadly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['broad'], value, feedback)
            raise ExchangeError(feedback)
        return None
