# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
# https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code

from ccxt.base.exchange import Exchange
from ccxt.abstract.paradex import ImplicitAPI
from ccxt.base.types import Any, Balances, Currency, Greeks, Int, Leverage, MarginMode, Market, Num, Order, OrderBook, OrderSide, OrderType, Position, Str, Strings, Ticker, Tickers, Trade, Transaction
from typing import List
from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeError
from ccxt.base.errors import AuthenticationError
from ccxt.base.errors import PermissionDenied
from ccxt.base.errors import ArgumentsRequired
from ccxt.base.errors import BadRequest
from ccxt.base.errors import OperationRejected
from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidOrder
from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import TICK_SIZE
from ccxt.base.precise import Precise


class paradex(Exchange, ImplicitAPI):

    def describe(self) -> Any:
        return self.deep_extend(super(paradex, self).describe(), {
            'id': 'paradex',
            'name': 'Paradex',
            'countries': [],
            'version': 'v1',
            'rateLimit': 50,
            'certified': False,
            'pro': True,
            'dex': True,
            'has': {
                'CORS': None,
                'spot': False,
                'margin': False,
                'swap': True,
                'future': False,
                'option': False,
                'addMargin': False,
                'borrowCrossMargin': False,
                'borrowIsolatedMargin': False,
                'cancelAllOrders': True,
                'cancelAllOrdersAfter': False,
                'cancelOrder': False,
                'cancelOrders': False,
                'cancelOrdersForSymbols': False,
                'closeAllPositions': False,
                'closePosition': False,
                'createMarketBuyOrderWithCost': False,
                'createMarketOrderWithCost': False,
                'createMarketSellOrderWithCost': False,
                'createOrder': True,
                'createOrders': False,
                'createReduceOnlyOrder': False,
                'createStopOrder': True,
                'createTriggerOrder': True,
                'editOrder': False,
                'fetchAccounts': False,
                'fetchAllGreeks': True,
                'fetchBalance': True,
                'fetchBorrowInterest': False,
                'fetchBorrowRateHistories': False,
                'fetchBorrowRateHistory': False,
                'fetchCanceledOrders': False,
                'fetchClosedOrders': False,
                'fetchCrossBorrowRate': False,
                'fetchCrossBorrowRates': False,
                'fetchCurrencies': False,
                'fetchDepositAddress': False,
                'fetchDepositAddresses': False,
                'fetchDeposits': True,
                'fetchDepositWithdrawFee': False,
                'fetchDepositWithdrawFees': False,
                'fetchFundingHistory': False,
                'fetchFundingRate': False,
                'fetchFundingRateHistory': False,
                'fetchFundingRates': False,
                'fetchGreeks': True,
                'fetchIndexOHLCV': False,
                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRate': False,
                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRates': False,
                'fetchLedger': False,
                'fetchLeverage': True,
                'fetchLeverageTiers': False,
                'fetchLiquidations': True,
                'fetchMarginMode': True,
                'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': False,
                'fetchMarkets': True,
                'fetchMarkOHLCV': False,
                'fetchMyLiquidations': False,
                'fetchMyTrades': True,
                'fetchOHLCV': True,
                'fetchOpenInterest': True,
                'fetchOpenInterestHistory': False,
                'fetchOpenOrders': True,
                'fetchOrder': True,
                'fetchOrderBook': True,
                'fetchOrders': True,
                'fetchOrderTrades': False,
                'fetchPosition': True,
                'fetchPositionMode': False,
                'fetchPositions': True,
                'fetchPositionsRisk': False,
                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': False,
                'fetchStatus': True,
                'fetchTicker': True,
                'fetchTickers': True,
                'fetchTime': True,
                'fetchTrades': True,
                'fetchTradingFee': False,
                'fetchTradingFees': False,
                'fetchTransfer': False,
                'fetchTransfers': False,
                'fetchWithdrawal': False,
                'fetchWithdrawals': True,
                'reduceMargin': False,
                'repayCrossMargin': False,
                'repayIsolatedMargin': False,
                'sandbox': True,
                'setLeverage': True,
                'setMarginMode': True,
                'setPositionMode': False,
                'transfer': False,
                'withdraw': False,
            },
            'timeframes': {
                '1m': 1,
                '3m': 3,
                '5m': 5,
                '15m': 15,
                '30m': 30,
                '1h': 60,
            },
            'hostname': 'paradex.trade',
            'urls': {
                'logo': 'https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/84628770-784e-4ec4-a759-ec2fbb2244ea',
                'api': {
                    'v1': 'https://api.prod.{hostname}/v1',
                },
                'test': {
                    'v1': 'https://api.testnet.{hostname}/v1',
                },
                'www': 'https://www.paradex.trade/',
                'doc': 'https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/',
                'fees': 'https://docs.paradex.trade/getting-started/trading-fees',
                'referral': 'https://app.paradex.trade/r/ccxt24',
            },
            'api': {
                'public': {
                    'get': {
                        'bbo/{market}': 1,
                        'funding/data': 1,
                        'markets': 1,
                        'markets/klines': 1,
                        'markets/summary': 1,
                        'orderbook/{market}': 1,
                        'insurance': 1,
                        'referrals/config': 1,
                        'system/config': 1,
                        'system/state': 1,
                        'system/time': 1,
                        'trades': 1,
                        'vaults': 1,
                        'vaults/balance': 1,
                        'vaults/config': 1,
                        'vaults/history': 1,
                        'vaults/positions': 1,
                        'vaults/summary': 1,
                        'vaults/transfers': 1,
                    },
                },
                'private': {
                    'get': {
                        'account': 1,
                        'account/info': 1,
                        'account/history': 1,
                        'account/margin': 1,
                        'account/profile': 1,
                        'account/subaccounts': 1,
                        'balance': 1,
                        'fills': 1,
                        'funding/payments': 1,
                        'positions': 1,
                        'tradebusts': 1,
                        'transactions': 1,
                        'liquidations': 1,
                        'orders': 1,
                        'orders-history': 1,
                        'orders/by_client_id/{client_id}': 1,
                        'orders/{order_id}': 1,
                        'points_data/{market}/{program}': 1,
                        'referrals/qr-code': 1,
                        'referrals/summary': 1,
                        'transfers': 1,
                        'algo/orders': 1,
                        'algo/orders-history': 1,
                        'algo/orders/{algo_id}': 1,
                        'vaults/account-summary': 1,
                    },
                    'post': {
                        'account/margin/{market}': 1,
                        'account/profile/max_slippage': 1,
                        'account/profile/referral_code': 1,
                        'account/profile/username': 1,
                        'auth': 1,
                        'onboarding': 1,
                        'orders': 1,
                        'orders/batch': 1,
                        'algo/orders': 1,
                        'vaults': 1,
                    },
                    'put': {
                        'orders/{order_id}': 1,
                    },
                    'delete': {
                        'orders': 1,
                        'orders/by_client_id/{client_id}': 1,
                        'orders/{order_id}': 1,
                        'algo/orders/{algo_id}': 1,
                    },
                },
            },
            'fees': {
                'swap': {
                    'taker': self.parse_number('0.0002'),
                    'maker': self.parse_number('0.0002'),
                },
                'spot': {
                    'taker': self.parse_number('0.0002'),
                    'maker': self.parse_number('0.0002'),
                },
            },
            'requiredCredentials': {
                'apiKey': False,
                'secret': False,
                'walletAddress': True,
                'privateKey': True,
            },
            'exceptions': {
                'exact': {
                    'VALIDATION_ERROR': AuthenticationError,
                    'BINDING_ERROR': OperationRejected,
                    'INTERNAL_ERROR': ExchangeError,
                    'NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
                    'SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE': ExchangeError,
                    'INVALID_REQUEST_PARAMETER': BadRequest,
                    'ORDER_ID_NOT_FOUND': InvalidOrder,
                    'ORDER_IS_CLOSED': InvalidOrder,
                    'ORDER_IS_NOT_OPEN_YET': InvalidOrder,
                    'CLIENT_ORDER_ID_NOT_FOUND': InvalidOrder,
                    'DUPLICATED_CLIENT_ID': InvalidOrder,
                    'INVALID_PRICE_PRECISION': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_SYMBOL': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_TOKEN': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_ETHEREUM_ADDRESS': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_ETHEREUM_SIGNATURE': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_STARKNET_ADDRESS': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_STARKNET_SIGNATURE': OperationRejected,
                    'STARKNET_SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED': AuthenticationError,
                    'BAD_STARKNET_REQUEST': BadRequest,
                    'ETHEREUM_SIGNER_MISMATCH': BadRequest,
                    'ETHEREUM_HASH_MISMATCH': BadRequest,
                    'NOT_ONBOARDED': BadRequest,
                    'INVALID_TIMESTAMP': BadRequest,
                    'INVALID_SIGNATURE_EXPIRATION': AuthenticationError,
                    'ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND': AuthenticationError,
                    'INVALID_ORDER_SIGNATURE': AuthenticationError,
                    'PUBLIC_KEY_INVALID': BadRequest,
                    'UNAUTHORIZED_ETHEREUM_ADDRESS': BadRequest,
                    'ETHEREUM_ADDRESS_ALREADY_ONBOARDED': BadRequest,
                    'MARKET_NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
                    'ALLOWLIST_ENTRY_NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
                    'USERNAME_IN_USE': AuthenticationError,
                    'GEO_IP_BLOCK': PermissionDenied,
                    'ETHEREUM_ADDRESS_BLOCKED': PermissionDenied,
                    'PROGRAM_NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
                    'INVALID_DASHBOARD': OperationRejected,
                    'MARKET_NOT_OPEN': BadRequest,
                    'INVALID_REFERRAL_CODE': OperationRejected,
                    'PARENT_ADDRESS_ALREADY_ONBOARDED': BadRequest,
                    'INVALID_PARENT_ACCOUNT': OperationRejected,
                    'INVALID_VAULT_OPERATOR_CHAIN': OperationRejected,
                    'VAULT_OPERATOR_ALREADY_ONBOARDED': OperationRejected,
                    'VAULT_NAME_IN_USE': OperationRejected,
                    'BATCH_SIZE_OUT_OF_RANGE': OperationRejected,
                    'ISOLATED_MARKET_ACCOUNT_MISMATCH': OperationRejected,
                    'POINTS_SUMMARY_NOT_FOUND': OperationRejected,
                    '-32700': BadRequest,  # Parse error
                    '-32600': BadRequest,  # Invalid request
                    '-32601': BadRequest,  # Method not found
                    '-32602': BadRequest,  # Invalid parameterss
                    '-32603': ExchangeError,  # Internal error
                    '100': BadRequest,  # Method error
                    '40110': AuthenticationError,  # Malformed Bearer Token
                    '40111': AuthenticationError,  # Invalid Bearer Token
                    '40112': PermissionDenied,  # Geo IP blocked
                },
                'broad': {
                    'missing or malformed jwt': AuthenticationError,
                },
            },
            'precisionMode': TICK_SIZE,
            'commonCurrencies': {
            },
            'options': {
                'paradexAccount': None,  # add {"privateKey": "copy Paradex Private Key from UI", "publicKey": "used when onboard(optional)", "address": "copy Paradex Address from UI"}
                'broker': 'CCXT',
            },
            'features': {
                'spot': None,
                'forSwap': {
                    'sandbox': True,
                    'createOrder': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'triggerPrice': True,
                        'triggerDirection': True,  # todo
                        'triggerPriceType': None,
                        'stopLossPrice': False,  # todo
                        'takeProfitPrice': False,  # todo
                        'attachedStopLossTakeProfit': None,
                        'timeInForce': {
                            'IOC': True,
                            'FOK': False,
                            'PO': True,
                            'GTD': False,
                        },
                        'hedged': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'leverage': False,
                        'marketBuyByCost': False,
                        'marketBuyRequiresPrice': False,
                        'selfTradePrevention': True,  # todo
                        'iceberg': False,
                    },
                    'createOrders': None,  # todo
                    'fetchMyTrades': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 100,  # todo
                        'daysBack': 100000,  # todo
                        'untilDays': 100000,  # todo
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOrder': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOpenOrders': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 100,  # todo
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOrders': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 100,
                        'daysBack': 100000,  # todo
                        'untilDays': 100000,  # todo
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchClosedOrders': None,  # todo
                    'fetchOHLCV': {
                        'limit': None,  # todo by from/to
                    },
                },
                'swap': {
                    'linear': {
                        'extends': 'forSwap',
                    },
                    'inverse': None,
                },
                'future': {
                    'linear': None,
                    'inverse': None,
                },
            },
        })

    def fetch_time(self, params={}) -> Int:
        """
        fetches the current integer timestamp in milliseconds from the exchange server

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-system-time-unix-milliseconds

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns int: the current integer timestamp in milliseconds from the exchange server
        """
        response = self.publicGetSystemTime(params)
        #
        #     {
        #         "server_time": "1681493415023"
        #     }
        #
        return self.safe_integer(response, 'server_time')

    def fetch_status(self, params={}):
        """
        the latest known information on the availability of the exchange API

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-system-state

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `status structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=exchange-status-structure>`
        """
        response = self.publicGetSystemState(params)
        #
        #     {
        #         "status": "ok"
        #     }
        #
        status = self.safe_string(response, 'status')
        return {
            'status': 'ok' if (status == 'ok') else 'maintenance',
            'updated': None,
            'eta': None,
            'url': None,
            'info': response,
        }

    def fetch_markets(self, params={}) -> List[Market]:
        """
        retrieves data on all markets for bitget

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: an array of objects representing market data
        """
        response = self.publicGetMarkets(params)
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "symbol": "BODEN-USD-PERP",
        #                 "base_currency": "BODEN",
        #                 "quote_currency": "USD",
        #                 "settlement_currency": "USDC",
        #                 "order_size_increment": "1",
        #                 "price_tick_size": "0.00001",
        #                 "min_notional": "200",
        #                 "open_at": 1717065600000,
        #                 "expiry_at": 0,
        #                 "asset_kind": "PERP",
        #                 "position_limit": "2000000",
        #                 "price_bands_width": "0.2",
        #                 "max_open_orders": 50,
        #                 "max_funding_rate": "0.05",
        #                 "delta1_cross_margin_params": {
        #                     "imf_base": "0.2",
        #                     "imf_shift": "180000",
        #                     "imf_factor": "0.00071",
        #                     "mmf_factor": "0.5"
        #                 },
        #                 "price_feed_id": "9LScEHse1ioZt2rUuhwiN6bmYnqpMqvZkQJDNUpxVHN5",
        #                 "oracle_ewma_factor": "0.14999987905913592",
        #                 "max_order_size": "520000",
        #                 "max_funding_rate_change": "0.0005",
        #                 "max_tob_spread": "0.2"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results')
        return self.parse_markets(data)

    def parse_market(self, market: dict) -> Market:
        #
        #     {
        #         "symbol": "BODEN-USD-PERP",
        #         "base_currency": "BODEN",
        #         "quote_currency": "USD",
        #         "settlement_currency": "USDC",
        #         "order_size_increment": "1",
        #         "price_tick_size": "0.00001",
        #         "min_notional": "200",
        #         "open_at": 1717065600000,
        #         "expiry_at": 0,
        #         "asset_kind": "PERP",
        #         "position_limit": "2000000",
        #         "price_bands_width": "0.2",
        #         "max_open_orders": 50,
        #         "max_funding_rate": "0.05",
        #         "delta1_cross_margin_params": {
        #             "imf_base": "0.2",
        #             "imf_shift": "180000",
        #             "imf_factor": "0.00071",
        #             "mmf_factor": "0.5"
        #         },
        #         "price_feed_id": "9LScEHse1ioZt2rUuhwiN6bmYnqpMqvZkQJDNUpxVHN5",
        #         "oracle_ewma_factor": "0.14999987905913592",
        #         "max_order_size": "520000",
        #         "max_funding_rate_change": "0.0005",
        #         "max_tob_spread": "0.2"
        #     }
        #
        # {
        #     "symbol":"BTC-USD-96000-C",
        #     "base_currency":"BTC",
        #     "quote_currency":"USD",
        #     "settlement_currency":"USDC",
        #     "order_size_increment":"0.001",
        #     "price_tick_size":"0.01",
        #     "min_notional":"100",
        #     "open_at":"1736764200000",
        #     "expiry_at":"0",
        #     "asset_kind":"PERP_OPTION",
        #     "market_kind":"cross",
        #     "position_limit":"10",
        #     "price_bands_width":"0.05",
        #     "iv_bands_width":"0.05",
        #     "max_open_orders":"100",
        #     "max_funding_rate":"0.02",
        #     "option_cross_margin_params":{
        #        "imf":{
        #           "long_itm":"0.2",
        #           "short_itm":"0.15",
        #           "short_otm":"0.1",
        #           "short_put_cap":"0.5",
        #           "premium_multiplier":"1"
        #        },
        #        "mmf":{
        #           "long_itm":"0.1",
        #           "short_itm":"0.075",
        #           "short_otm":"0.05",
        #           "short_put_cap":"0.5",
        #           "premium_multiplier":"0.5"
        #        }
        #     },
        #     "price_feed_id":"GVXRSBjFk6e6J3NbVPXohDJetcTjaeeuykUpbQF8UoMU",
        #     "oracle_ewma_factor":"0.20000046249626113",
        #     "max_order_size":"2",
        #     "max_funding_rate_change":"0.02",
        #     "max_tob_spread":"0.2",
        #     "interest_rate":"0.0001",
        #     "clamp_rate":"0.02",
        #     "option_type":"CALL",
        #     "strike_price":"96000",
        #     "funding_period_hours":"24",
        #     "tags":[
        #     ]
        #  }
        #
        assetKind = self.safe_string(market, 'asset_kind')
        isOption = (assetKind == 'PERP_OPTION')
        type = 'option' if (isOption) else 'swap'
        isSwap = (type == 'swap')
        marketId = self.safe_string(market, 'symbol')
        quoteId = self.safe_string(market, 'quote_currency')
        baseId = self.safe_string(market, 'base_currency')
        quote = self.safe_currency_code(quoteId)
        base = self.safe_currency_code(baseId)
        settleId = self.safe_string(market, 'settlement_currency')
        settle = self.safe_currency_code(settleId)
        symbol = base + '/' + quote + ':' + settle
        expiry = self.safe_integer(market, 'expiry_at')
        optionType = self.safe_string(market, 'option_type')
        strikePrice = self.safe_string(market, 'strike_price')
        takerFee = self.parse_number('0.0003')
        makerFee = self.parse_number('-0.00005')
        if isOption:
            optionTypeSuffix = 'C' if (optionType == 'CALL') else 'P'
            symbol = symbol + '-' + strikePrice + '-' + optionTypeSuffix
            makerFee = self.parse_number('0.0003')
        else:
            expiry = None
        return self.safe_market_structure({
            'id': marketId,
            'symbol': symbol,
            'base': base,
            'quote': quote,
            'settle': settle,
            'baseId': baseId,
            'quoteId': quoteId,
            'settleId': settleId,
            'type': type,
            'spot': False,
            'margin': None,
            'swap': isSwap,
            'future': False,
            'option': isOption,
            'active': self.safe_bool(market, 'enableTrading'),
            'contract': True,
            'linear': True,
            'inverse': False,
            'taker': takerFee,
            'maker': makerFee,
            'contractSize': self.parse_number('1'),
            'expiry': expiry,
            'expiryDatetime': None if (expiry == 0) else self.iso8601(expiry),
            'strike': self.parse_number(strikePrice),
            'optionType': self.safe_string_lower(market, 'option_type'),
            'precision': {
                'amount': self.safe_number(market, 'order_size_increment'),
                'price': self.safe_number(market, 'price_tick_size'),
            },
            'limits': {
                'leverage': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': None,
                },
                'amount': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': self.safe_number(market, 'max_order_size'),
                },
                'price': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': None,
                },
                'cost': {
                    'min': self.safe_number(market, 'min_notional'),
                    'max': None,
                },
            },
            'created': None,
            'info': market,
        })

    def fetch_ohlcv(self, symbol: str, timeframe: str = '1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[list]:
        """
        fetches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#ohlcv-for-a-symbol

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
        :param str timeframe: the length of time each candle represents
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: timestamp in ms of the latest candle to fetch
        :returns int[][]: A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, volume
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'resolution': self.safe_string(self.timeframes, timeframe, timeframe),
            'symbol': market['id'],
        }
        now = self.milliseconds()
        duration = self.parse_timeframe(timeframe)
        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'till', now)
        params = self.omit(params, ['until', 'till'])
        if since is not None:
            request['start_at'] = since
            if limit is not None:
                request['end_at'] = self.sum(since, duration * (limit + 1) * 1000) - 1
            else:
                request['end_at'] = until
        else:
            request['end_at'] = until
            if limit is not None:
                request['start_at'] = until - duration * (limit + 1) * 1000 + 1
            else:
                request['start_at'] = until - duration * 101 * 1000 + 1
        response = self.publicGetMarketsKlines(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             [
        #                 1720071900000,
        #                 58961.3,
        #                 58961.3,
        #                 58961.3,
        #                 58961.3,
        #                 1591
        #             ]
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_ohlcvs(data, market, timeframe, since, limit)

    def parse_ohlcv(self, ohlcv, market: Market = None) -> list:
        #
        #     [
        #         1720071900000,
        #         58961.3,
        #         58961.3,
        #         58961.3,
        #         58961.3,
        #         1591
        #     ]
        #
        return [
            self.safe_integer(ohlcv, 0),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 1),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 2),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 3),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 4),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 5),
        ]

    def fetch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> Tickers:
        """
        fetches price tickers for multiple markets, statistical information calculated over the past 24 hours for each market

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary

        :param str[]|None symbols: unified symbols of the markets to fetch the ticker for, all market tickers are returned if not assigned
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a dictionary of `ticker structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
        request: dict = {
            'market': 'ALL',
        }
        response = self.publicGetMarketsSummary(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
        #                 "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
        #                 "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
        #                 "bid": "68477.6",
        #                 "ask": "69578.2",
        #                 "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
        #                 "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
        #                 "created_at": 1718170156580,
        #                 "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
        #                 "open_interest": "162.272",
        #                 "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
        #                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_tickers(data, symbols)

    def fetch_ticker(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> Ticker:
        """
        fetches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `ticker structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.publicGetMarketsSummary(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
        #                 "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
        #                 "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
        #                 "bid": "68477.6",
        #                 "ask": "69578.2",
        #                 "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
        #                 "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
        #                 "created_at": 1718170156580,
        #                 "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
        #                 "open_interest": "162.272",
        #                 "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
        #                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        ticker = self.safe_dict(data, 0, {})
        return self.parse_ticker(ticker, market)

    def parse_ticker(self, ticker: dict, market: Market = None) -> Ticker:
        #
        #     {
        #         "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
        #         "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
        #         "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
        #         "bid": "68477.6",
        #         "ask": "69578.2",
        #         "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
        #         "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
        #         "created_at": 1718170156581,
        #         "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
        #         "open_interest": "162.272",
        #         "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
        #         "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
        #     }
        #
        percentage = self.safe_string(ticker, 'price_change_rate_24h')
        if percentage is not None:
            percentage = Precise.string_mul(percentage, '100')
        last = self.safe_string(ticker, 'last_traded_price')
        marketId = self.safe_string(ticker, 'symbol')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(ticker, 'created_at')
        return self.safe_ticker({
            'symbol': symbol,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'high': None,
            'low': None,
            'bid': self.safe_string(ticker, 'bid'),
            'bidVolume': None,
            'ask': self.safe_string(ticker, 'ask'),
            'askVolume': None,
            'vwap': None,
            'open': None,
            'close': last,
            'last': last,
            'previousClose': None,
            'change': None,
            'percentage': percentage,
            'average': None,
            'baseVolume': None,
            'quoteVolume': self.safe_string(ticker, 'volume_24h'),
            'markPrice': self.safe_string(ticker, 'mark_price'),
            'info': ticker,
        }, market)

    def fetch_order_book(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> OrderBook:
        """
        fetches information on open orders with bid(buy) and ask(sell) prices, volumes and other data

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-market-orderbook

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of order book entries to return
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: A dictionary of `order book structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure>` indexed by market symbols
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {'market': market['id']}
        response = self.publicGetOrderbookMarket(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "seq_no": 14115975,
        #         "last_updated_at": 1718172538340,
        #         "asks": [
        #             [
        #                 "69578.2",
        #                 "3.019"
        #             ]
        #         ],
        #         "bids": [
        #             [
        #                 "68477.6",
        #                 "0.1"
        #             ]
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        if limit is not None:
            request['depth'] = limit
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(response, 'last_updated_at')
        orderbook = self.parse_order_book(response, market['symbol'], timestamp)
        orderbook['nonce'] = self.safe_integer(response, 'seq_no')
        return orderbook

    def fetch_trades(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Trade]:
        """
        get the list of most recent trades for a particular symbol

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#trade-tape

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of trades to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: the latest time in ms to fetch trades for
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times
        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchTrades', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_cursor('fetchTrades', symbol, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', None, 100)
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        if limit is not None:
            request['page_size'] = limit
        if since is not None:
            request['start_at'] = since
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('end_at', request, params)
        response = self.publicGetTrades(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "next": "...",
        #         "prev": "...",
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "id": "1718154353750201703989430001",
        #                 "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "side": "BUY",
        #                 "size": "0.026",
        #                 "price": "69578.2",
        #                 "created_at": 1718154353750,
        #                 "trade_type": "FILL"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        trades = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        for i in range(0, len(trades)):
            trades[i]['next'] = self.safe_string(response, 'next')
        return self.parse_trades(trades, market, since, limit)

    def parse_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None) -> Trade:
        #
        # fetchTrades(public)
        #
        #     {
        #         "id": "1718154353750201703989430001",
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "side": "BUY",
        #         "size": "0.026",
        #         "price": "69578.2",
        #         "created_at": 1718154353750,
        #         "trade_type": "FILL"
        #     }
        #
        # fetchMyTrades(private)
        #
        #     {
        #         "id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
        #         "side": "BUY",
        #         "liquidity": "TAKER",
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "order_id": "1718947571540201703992340000",
        #         "price": "64852.9",
        #         "size": "0.01",
        #         "fee": "0.1945587",
        #         "fee_currency": "USDC",
        #         "created_at": 1718947571569,
        #         "remaining_size": "0",
        #         "client_id": "",
        #         "fill_type": "FILL"
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(trade, 'market')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        id = self.safe_string(trade, 'id')
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(trade, 'created_at')
        priceString = self.safe_string(trade, 'price')
        amountString = self.safe_string(trade, 'size')
        side = self.safe_string_lower(trade, 'side')
        liability = self.safe_string_lower(trade, 'liquidity', 'taker')
        isTaker = liability == 'taker'
        takerOrMaker = 'taker' if (isTaker) else 'maker'
        currencyId = self.safe_string(trade, 'fee_currency')
        code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId)
        return self.safe_trade({
            'info': trade,
            'id': id,
            'order': self.safe_string(trade, 'order_id'),
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'symbol': market['symbol'],
            'type': None,
            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
            'side': side,
            'price': priceString,
            'amount': amountString,
            'cost': None,
            'fee': {
                'cost': self.safe_string(trade, 'fee'),
                'currency': code,
                'rate': None,
            },
        }, market)

    def fetch_open_interest(self, symbol: str, params={}):
        """
        retrieves the open interest of a contract trading pair

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary

        :param str symbol: unified CCXT market symbol
        :param dict [params]: exchange specific parameters
        :returns dict} an open interest structure{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=open-interest-structure:
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        if not market['contract']:
            raise BadRequest(self.id + ' fetchOpenInterest() supports contract markets only')
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.publicGetMarketsSummary(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
        #                 "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
        #                 "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
        #                 "bid": "68477.6",
        #                 "ask": "69578.2",
        #                 "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
        #                 "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
        #                 "created_at": 1718170156580,
        #                 "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
        #                 "open_interest": "162.272",
        #                 "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
        #                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        interest = self.safe_dict(data, 0, {})
        return self.parse_open_interest(interest, market)

    def parse_open_interest(self, interest, market: Market = None):
        #
        #     {
        #         "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "oracle_price": "68465.17449904",
        #         "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
        #         "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
        #         "bid": "68477.6",
        #         "ask": "69578.2",
        #         "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
        #         "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
        #         "created_at": 1718170156580,
        #         "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
        #         "open_interest": "162.272",
        #         "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
        #         "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
        #     }
        #
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(interest, 'created_at')
        marketId = self.safe_string(interest, 'symbol')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        return self.safe_open_interest({
            'symbol': symbol,
            'openInterestAmount': self.safe_string(interest, 'open_interest'),
            'openInterestValue': None,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'info': interest,
        }, market)

    def hash_message(self, message):
        return '0x' + self.hash(message, 'keccak', 'hex')

    def sign_hash(self, hash, privateKey):
        signature = self.ecdsa(hash[-64:], privateKey[-64:], 'secp256k1', None)
        r = signature['r']
        s = signature['s']
        v = self.int_to_base16(self.sum(27, signature['v']))
        return '0x' + r.rjust(64, '0') + s.rjust(64, '0') + v

    def sign_message(self, message, privateKey):
        return self.sign_hash(self.hash_message(message), privateKey[-64:])

    def get_system_config(self):
        cachedConfig: dict = self.safe_dict(self.options, 'systemConfig')
        if cachedConfig is not None:
            return cachedConfig
        response = self.publicGetSystemConfig()
        #
        # {
        #     "starknet_gateway_url": "https://potc-testnet-sepolia.starknet.io",
        #     "starknet_fullnode_rpc_url": "https://pathfinder.api.testnet.paradex.trade/rpc/v0_7",
        #     "starknet_chain_id": "PRIVATE_SN_POTC_SEPOLIA",
        #     "block_explorer_url": "https://voyager.testnet.paradex.trade/",
        #     "paraclear_address": "0x286003f7c7bfc3f94e8f0af48b48302e7aee2fb13c23b141479ba00832ef2c6",
        #     "paraclear_decimals": 8,
        #     "paraclear_account_proxy_hash": "0x3530cc4759d78042f1b543bf797f5f3d647cde0388c33734cf91b7f7b9314a9",
        #     "paraclear_account_hash": "0x41cb0280ebadaa75f996d8d92c6f265f6d040bb3ba442e5f86a554f1765244e",
        #     "oracle_address": "0x2c6a867917ef858d6b193a0ff9e62b46d0dc760366920d631715d58baeaca1f",
        #     "bridged_tokens": [
        #         {
        #             "name": "TEST USDC",
        #             "symbol": "USDC",
        #             "decimals": 6,
        #             "l1_token_address": "0x29A873159D5e14AcBd63913D4A7E2df04570c666",
        #             "l1_bridge_address": "0x8586e05adc0C35aa11609023d4Ae6075Cb813b4C",
        #             "l2_token_address": "0x6f373b346561036d98ea10fb3e60d2f459c872b1933b50b21fe6ef4fda3b75e",
        #             "l2_bridge_address": "0x46e9237f5408b5f899e72125dd69bd55485a287aaf24663d3ebe00d237fc7ef"
        #         }
        #     ],
        #     "l1_core_contract_address": "0x582CC5d9b509391232cd544cDF9da036e55833Af",
        #     "l1_operator_address": "0x11bACdFbBcd3Febe5e8CEAa75E0Ef6444d9B45FB",
        #     "l1_chain_id": "11155111",
        #     "liquidation_fee": "0.2"
        # }
        #
        self.options['systemConfig'] = response
        return response

    def prepare_paradex_domain(self, l1=False):
        systemConfig = self.get_system_config()
        if l1 is True:
            l1D = {
                'name': 'Paradex',
                'chainId': systemConfig['l1_chain_id'],
                'version': '1',
            }
            return l1D
        domain = {
            'name': 'Paradex',
            'chainId': systemConfig['starknet_chain_id'],
            'version': 1,
        }
        return domain

    def retrieve_account(self):
        cachedAccount: dict = self.safe_dict(self.options, 'paradexAccount')
        if cachedAccount is not None:
            return cachedAccount
        self.check_required_credentials()
        systemConfig = self.get_system_config()
        domain = self.prepare_paradex_domain(True)
        messageTypes = {
            'Constant': [
                {'name': 'action', 'type': 'string'},
            ],
        }
        message = {
            'action': 'STARK Key',
        }
        msg = self.eth_encode_structured_data(domain, messageTypes, message)
        signature = self.sign_message(msg, self.privateKey)
        account = self.retrieve_stark_account(
            signature,
            systemConfig['paraclear_account_hash'],
            systemConfig['paraclear_account_proxy_hash']
        )
        self.options['paradexAccount'] = account
        return account

    def onboarding(self, params={}):
        account = self.retrieve_account()
        req = {
            'action': 'Onboarding',
        }
        domain = self.prepare_paradex_domain()
        messageTypes = {
            'Constant': [
                {'name': 'action', 'type': 'felt'},
            ],
        }
        msg = self.starknet_encode_structured_data(domain, messageTypes, req, account['address'])
        signature = self.starknet_sign(msg, account['privateKey'])
        params['signature'] = signature
        params['account'] = account['address']
        params['public_key'] = account['publicKey']
        response = self.privatePostOnboarding(params)
        return response

    def authenticate_rest(self, params={}):
        cachedToken = self.safe_string(self.options, 'authToken')
        now = self.nonce()
        if cachedToken is not None:
            cachedExpires = self.safe_integer(self.options, 'expires')
            if now < cachedExpires:
                return cachedToken
        account = self.retrieve_account()
        # https://docs.paradex.trade/api-reference/general-information/authentication
        expires = now + 180
        req = {
            'method': 'POST',
            'path': '/v1/auth',
            'body': '',
            'timestamp': now,
            'expiration': expires,
        }
        domain = self.prepare_paradex_domain()
        messageTypes = {
            'Request': [
                {'name': 'method', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'path', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'body', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'timestamp', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'expiration', 'type': 'felt'},
            ],
        }
        msg = self.starknet_encode_structured_data(domain, messageTypes, req, account['address'])
        signature = self.starknet_sign(msg, account['privateKey'])
        params['signature'] = signature
        params['account'] = account['address']
        params['timestamp'] = req['timestamp']
        params['expiration'] = req['expiration']
        response = self.privatePostAuth(params)
        #
        # {
        #     jwt_token: "ooooccxtooootoooootheoooomoonooooo"
        # }
        #
        token = self.safe_string(response, 'jwt_token')
        self.options['authToken'] = token
        self.options['expires'] = expires
        return token

    def parse_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None) -> Order:
        #
        # {
        #     "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
        #     "avg_fill_price": "26000",
        #     "client_id": "x1234",
        #     "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
        #     "created_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "flags": [
        #         "REDUCE_ONLY"
        #     ],
        #     "id": "123456",
        #     "instruction": "GTC",
        #     "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #     "price": "26000",
        #     "published_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "received_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "remaining_size": "0",
        #     "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
        #     "side": "BUY",
        #     "size": "0.05",
        #     "status": "NEW",
        #     "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
        #     "timestamp": 1681493746016,
        #     "trigger_price": "26000",
        #     "type": "MARKET"
        # }
        #
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(order, 'created_at')
        orderId = self.safe_string(order, 'id')
        clientOrderId = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(order, 'client_id'))
        marketId = self.safe_string(order, 'market')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        price = self.safe_string(order, 'price')
        amount = self.safe_string(order, 'size')
        orderType = self.safe_string(order, 'type')
        cancelReason = self.safe_string(order, 'cancel_reason')
        status = self.safe_string(order, 'status')
        if cancelReason is not None:
            if cancelReason == 'NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN' or cancelReason == 'ORDER_EXCEEDS_POSITION_LIMIT':
                status = 'rejected'
            else:
                status = 'canceled'
        side = self.safe_string_lower(order, 'side')
        average = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(order, 'avg_fill_price'))
        remaining = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(order, 'remaining_size'))
        lastUpdateTimestamp = self.safe_integer(order, 'last_updated_at')
        flags = self.safe_list(order, 'flags', [])
        reduceOnly = None
        if 'REDUCE_ONLY' in flags:
            reduceOnly = True
        return self.safe_order({
            'id': orderId,
            'clientOrderId': clientOrderId,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'lastTradeTimestamp': None,
            'lastUpdateTimestamp': lastUpdateTimestamp,
            'status': self.parse_order_status(status),
            'symbol': symbol,
            'type': self.parse_order_type(orderType),
            'timeInForce': self.parse_time_in_force(self.safe_string(order, 'instruction')),
            'postOnly': None,
            'reduceOnly': reduceOnly,
            'side': side,
            'price': price,
            'triggerPrice': self.safe_string(order, 'trigger_price'),
            'takeProfitPrice': None,
            'stopLossPrice': None,
            'average': average,
            'amount': amount,
            'filled': None,
            'remaining': remaining,
            'cost': None,
            'trades': None,
            'fee': {
                'cost': None,
                'currency': None,
            },
            'info': order,
        }, market)

    def parse_time_in_force(self, timeInForce: Str):
        timeInForces: dict = {
            'IOC': 'IOC',
            'GTC': 'GTC',
            'POST_ONLY': 'PO',
        }
        return self.safe_string(timeInForces, timeInForce, None)

    def parse_order_status(self, status: Str):
        if status is not None:
            statuses: dict = {
                'NEW': 'open',
                'UNTRIGGERED': 'open',
                'OPEN': 'open',
                'CLOSED': 'closed',
            }
            return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)
        return status

    def parse_order_type(self, type: Str):
        types: dict = {
            'LIMIT': 'limit',
            'MARKET': 'market',
            'STOP_LIMIT': 'limit',
            'STOP_MARKET': 'market',
        }
        return self.safe_string_lower(types, type, type)

    def convert_short_string(self, str: str):
        # TODO: add stringToBase16 in exchange
        return '0x' + self.binary_to_base16(self.base64_to_binary(self.string_to_base64(str)))

    def scale_number(self, num: str):
        return Precise.string_mul(num, '100000000')

    def create_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
        """
        create a trade order

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#create-order

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
        :param float amount: how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
        :param float [price]: the price at which the order is to be fullfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param float [params.stopPrice]: alias for triggerPrice
        :param float [params.triggerPrice]: The price a trigger order is triggered at
        :param float [params.stopLossPrice]: the price that a stop loss order is triggered at
        :param float [params.takeProfitPrice]: the price that a take profit order is triggered at
        :param str [params.timeInForce]: "GTC", "IOC", or "POST_ONLY"
        :param bool [params.postOnly]: True or False
        :param bool [params.reduceOnly]: Ensures that the executed order does not flip the opened position.
        :param str [params.clientOrderId]: a unique id for the order
        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        reduceOnly = self.safe_bool_2(params, 'reduceOnly', 'reduce_only')
        orderType = type.upper()
        orderSide = side.upper()
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
            'side': orderSide,
            'type': orderType,  # LIMIT/MARKET/STOP_LIMIT/STOP_MARKET,STOP_LOSS_MARKET,STOP_LOSS_LIMIT,TAKE_PROFIT_MARKET,TAKE_PROFIT_LIMIT
        }
        triggerPrice = self.safe_string_2(params, 'triggerPrice', 'stopPrice')
        stopLossPrice = self.safe_string(params, 'stopLossPrice')
        takeProfitPrice = self.safe_string(params, 'takeProfitPrice')
        isMarket = orderType == 'MARKET'
        isTakeProfitOrder = (takeProfitPrice is not None)
        isStopLossOrder = (stopLossPrice is not None)
        isStopOrder = (triggerPrice is not None) or isTakeProfitOrder or isStopLossOrder
        timeInForce = self.safe_string_upper(params, 'timeInForce')
        postOnly = self.is_post_only(isMarket, None, params)
        if not isMarket:
            if postOnly:
                request['instruction'] = 'POST_ONLY'
            elif timeInForce == 'ioc':
                request['instruction'] = 'IOC'
        if price is not None:
            request['price'] = self.price_to_precision(symbol, price)
        clientOrderId = self.safe_string_n(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id'])
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId
        sizeString = '0'
        stopPrice = None
        if isStopOrder:
            # flags: Reduce_Only must be provided for TPSL orders.
            if isMarket:
                if isStopLossOrder:
                    stopPrice = self.price_to_precision(symbol, stopLossPrice)
                    reduceOnly = True
                    request['type'] = 'STOP_LOSS_MARKET'
                elif isTakeProfitOrder:
                    stopPrice = self.price_to_precision(symbol, takeProfitPrice)
                    reduceOnly = True
                    request['type'] = 'TAKE_PROFIT_MARKET'
                else:
                    stopPrice = self.price_to_precision(symbol, triggerPrice)
                    sizeString = self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount)
                    request['type'] = 'STOP_MARKET'
            else:
                if isStopLossOrder:
                    stopPrice = self.price_to_precision(symbol, stopLossPrice)
                    reduceOnly = True
                    request['type'] = 'STOP_LOSS_LIMIT'
                elif isTakeProfitOrder:
                    stopPrice = self.price_to_precision(symbol, takeProfitPrice)
                    reduceOnly = True
                    request['type'] = 'TAKE_PROFIT_LIMIT'
                else:
                    stopPrice = self.price_to_precision(symbol, triggerPrice)
                    sizeString = self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount)
                    request['type'] = 'STOP_LIMIT'
        else:
            sizeString = self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount)
        if stopPrice is not None:
            request['trigger_price'] = stopPrice
        request['size'] = sizeString
        if reduceOnly:
            request['flags'] = [
                'REDUCE_ONLY',
            ]
        params = self.omit(params, ['reduceOnly', 'reduce_only', 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id', 'postOnly', 'timeInForce', 'stopPrice', 'triggerPrice', 'stopLossPrice', 'takeProfitPrice'])
        account = self.retrieve_account()
        now = self.nonce()
        orderReq = {
            'timestamp': now * 1000,
            'market': self.convert_short_string(request['market']),
            'side': '1' if (orderSide == 'BUY') else '2',
            'orderType': self.convert_short_string(request['type']),
            'size': self.scale_number(request['size']),
            'price': '0' if (isMarket) else self.scale_number(request['price']),
        }
        domain = self.prepare_paradex_domain()
        messageTypes = {
            'Order': [
                {'name': 'timestamp', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'market', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'side', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'orderType', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'size', 'type': 'felt'},
                {'name': 'price', 'type': 'felt'},
            ],
        }
        msg = self.starknet_encode_structured_data(domain, messageTypes, orderReq, account['address'])
        signature = self.starknet_sign(msg, account['privateKey'])
        request['signature'] = signature
        request['signature_timestamp'] = orderReq['timestamp']
        response = self.privatePostOrders(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # {
        #     "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
        #     "avg_fill_price": "26000",
        #     "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
        #     "client_id": "x1234",
        #     "created_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "flags": [
        #       "REDUCE_ONLY"
        #     ],
        #     "id": "123456",
        #     "instruction": "GTC",
        #     "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #     "price": "26000",
        #     "published_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "received_at": 1681493746016,
        #     "remaining_size": "0",
        #     "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
        #     "side": "BUY",
        #     "size": "0.05",
        #     "status": "NEW",
        #     "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
        #     "timestamp": 1681493746016,
        #     "trigger_price": "26000",
        #     "type": "MARKET"
        # }
        #
        order = self.parse_order(response, market)
        return order

    def cancel_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancels an open order

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#cancel-order
        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#cancel-open-order-by-client-order-id

        :param str id: order id
        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param str [params.clientOrderId]: a unique id for the order
        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        clientOrderId = self.safe_string_n(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id'])
        response = None
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId
            response = self.privateDeleteOrdersByClientIdClientId(self.extend(request, params))
        else:
            request['order_id'] = id
            response = self.privateDeleteOrdersOrderId(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # if success, no response...
        #
        return self.parse_order(response)

    def cancel_all_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancel all open orders in a market

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#cancel-all-open-orders

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market to cancel orders in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        if symbol is None:
            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' cancelAllOrders() requires a symbol argument')
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.privateDeleteOrders(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # if success, no response...
        #
        return [self.safe_order({'info': response})]

    def fetch_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        fetches information on an order made by the user

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#get-order
        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#get-order-by-client-id

        :param str id: the order id
        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param str [params.clientOrderId]: a unique id for the order
        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        clientOrderId = self.safe_string_n(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id'])
        params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id'])
        response = None
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId
            response = self.privateGetOrdersByClientIdClientId(self.extend(request, params))
        else:
            request['order_id'] = id
            response = self.privateGetOrdersOrderId(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "id": "1718941725080201704028870000",
        #         "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "side": "SELL",
        #         "type": "LIMIT",
        #         "size": "10.153",
        #         "remaining_size": "10.153",
        #         "price": "70784.5",
        #         "status": "CLOSED",
        #         "created_at": 1718941725082,
        #         "last_updated_at": 1718958002991,
        #         "timestamp": 1718941724678,
        #         "cancel_reason": "USER_CANCELED",
        #         "client_id": "",
        #         "seq_no": 1718958002991595738,
        #         "instruction": "GTC",
        #         "avg_fill_price": "",
        #         "stp": "EXPIRE_TAKER",
        #         "received_at": 1718958510959,
        #         "published_at": 1718958510960,
        #         "flags": [],
        #         "trigger_price": "0"
        #     }
        #
        return self.parse_order(response)

    def fetch_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
        """
        fetches information on multiple orders made by the user

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#get-orders

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param str [params.side]: 'buy' or 'sell'
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: set to True if you want to fetch orders with pagination
        :param int params['until']: timestamp in ms of the latest order to fetch
        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchOrders', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_cursor('fetchOrders', symbol, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', None, 50)
        request: dict = {}
        market: Market = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['market'] = market['id']
        if since is not None:
            request['start_at'] = since
        if limit is not None:
            request['page_size'] = limit
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('end_at', request, params)
        response = self.privateGetOrdersHistory(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # {
        #     "next": "eyJmaWx0ZXIiMsIm1hcmtlciI6eyJtYXJrZXIiOiIxNjc1NjUwMDE3NDMxMTAxNjk5N=",
        #     "prev": "eyJmaWx0ZXIiOnsiTGltaXQiOjkwfSwidGltZSI6MTY4MTY3OTgzNzk3MTMwOTk1MywibWFya2VyIjp7Im1zMjExMD==",
        #     "results": [
        #       {
        #         "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
        #         "avg_fill_price": "26000",
        #         "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
        #         "client_id": "x1234",
        #         "created_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "flags": [
        #           "REDUCE_ONLY"
        #         ],
        #         "id": "123456",
        #         "instruction": "GTC",
        #         "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "price": "26000",
        #         "published_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "received_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "remaining_size": "0",
        #         "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
        #         "side": "BUY",
        #         "size": "0.05",
        #         "status": "NEW",
        #         "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
        #         "timestamp": 1681493746016,
        #         "trigger_price": "26000",
        #         "type": "MARKET"
        #       }
        #     ]
        #   }
        #
        orders = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        paginationCursor = self.safe_string(response, 'next')
        ordersLength = len(orders)
        if (paginationCursor is not None) and (ordersLength > 0):
            first = orders[0]
            first['next'] = paginationCursor
            orders[0] = first
        return self.parse_orders(orders, market, since, limit)

    def fetch_open_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
        """
        fetches information on multiple orders made by the user

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#paradex-rest-api-orders

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        market: Market = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['market'] = market['id']
        response = self.privateGetOrders(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #  {
        #     "results": [
        #       {
        #         "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
        #         "avg_fill_price": "26000",
        #         "client_id": "x1234",
        #         "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
        #         "created_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "flags": [
        #           "REDUCE_ONLY"
        #         ],
        #         "id": "123456",
        #         "instruction": "GTC",
        #         "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "price": "26000",
        #         "published_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "received_at": 1681493746016,
        #         "remaining_size": "0",
        #         "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
        #         "side": "BUY",
        #         "size": "0.05",
        #         "status": "NEW",
        #         "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
        #         "timestamp": 1681493746016,
        #         "trigger_price": "26000",
        #         "type": "MARKET"
        #       }
        #     ]
        #   }
        #
        orders = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_orders(orders, market, since, limit)

    def fetch_balance(self, params={}) -> Balances:
        """
        query for balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-balances

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `balance structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=balance-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        response = self.privateGetBalance()
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "token": "USDC",
        #                 "size": "99980.2382266290601",
        #                 "last_updated_at": 1718529757240
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_balance(data)

    def parse_balance(self, response) -> Balances:
        result: dict = {'info': response}
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            balance = self.safe_dict(response, i, {})
            currencyId = self.safe_string(balance, 'token')
            code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId)
            account = self.account()
            account['total'] = self.safe_string(balance, 'size')
            result[code] = account
        return self.safe_balance(result)

    def fetch_my_trades(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
        """
        fetch all trades made by the user

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-fills

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of trades structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [available parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :param int [params.until]: the latest time in ms to fetch entries for
        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=trade-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchMyTrades', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_cursor('fetchMyTrades', symbol, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', None, 100)
        request: dict = {}
        market: Market = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['market'] = market['id']
        if limit is not None:
            request['page_size'] = limit
        if since is not None:
            request['start_at'] = since
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('end_at', request, params)
        response = self.privateGetFills(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "next": null,
        #         "prev": null,
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
        #                 "side": "BUY",
        #                 "liquidity": "TAKER",
        #                 "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "order_id": "1718947571540201703992340000",
        #                 "price": "64852.9",
        #                 "size": "0.01",
        #                 "fee": "0.1945587",
        #                 "fee_currency": "USDC",
        #                 "created_at": 1718947571569,
        #                 "remaining_size": "0",
        #                 "client_id": "",
        #                 "fill_type": "FILL"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        trades = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        for i in range(0, len(trades)):
            trades[i]['next'] = self.safe_string(response, 'next')
        return self.parse_trades(trades, market, since, limit)

    def fetch_position(self, symbol: str, params={}):
        """
        fetch data on an open position

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-open-positions

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market the position is held in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `position structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        positions = self.fetch_positions([market['symbol']], params)
        return self.safe_dict(positions, 0, {})

    def fetch_positions(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> List[Position]:
        """
        fetch all open positions

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-open-positions

        :param str[] [symbols]: list of unified market symbols
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `position structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
        response = self.privateGetPositions()
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "id": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3-BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #                 "status": "OPEN",
        #                 "side": "LONG",
        #                 "size": "0.01",
        #                 "average_entry_price": "64839.96053748",
        #                 "average_entry_price_usd": "64852.9",
        #                 "realized_pnl": "0",
        #                 "unrealized_pnl": "-2.39677214",
        #                 "unrealized_funding_pnl": "-0.11214013",
        #                 "cost": "648.39960537",
        #                 "cost_usd": "648.529",
        #                 "cached_funding_index": "35202.1002351",
        #                 "last_updated_at": 1718950074249,
        #                 "last_fill_id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
        #                 "seq_no": 1718950074249176253,
        #                 "liquidation_price": ""
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_positions(data, symbols)

    def parse_position(self, position: dict, market: Market = None):
        #
        #     {
        #         "id": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3-BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
        #         "status": "OPEN",
        #         "side": "LONG",
        #         "size": "0.01",
        #         "average_entry_price": "64839.96053748",
        #         "average_entry_price_usd": "64852.9",
        #         "realized_pnl": "0",
        #         "unrealized_pnl": "-2.39677214",
        #         "unrealized_funding_pnl": "-0.11214013",
        #         "cost": "648.39960537",
        #         "cost_usd": "648.529",
        #         "cached_funding_index": "35202.1002351",
        #         "last_updated_at": 1718950074249,
        #         "last_fill_id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
        #         "seq_no": 1718950074249176253,
        #         "liquidation_price": ""
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(position, 'market')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        side = self.safe_string_lower(position, 'side')
        quantity = self.safe_string(position, 'size')
        if side != 'long':
            quantity = Precise.string_mul('-1', quantity)
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(position, 'time')
        return self.safe_position({
            'info': position,
            'id': self.safe_string(position, 'id'),
            'symbol': symbol,
            'entryPrice': self.safe_string(position, 'average_entry_price'),
            'markPrice': None,
            'notional': None,
            'collateral': self.safe_string(position, 'cost'),
            'unrealizedPnl': self.safe_string(position, 'unrealized_pnl'),
            'side': side,
            'contracts': self.parse_number(quantity),
            'contractSize': None,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'hedged': None,
            'maintenanceMargin': None,
            'maintenanceMarginPercentage': None,
            'initialMargin': None,
            'initialMarginPercentage': None,
            'leverage': None,
            'liquidationPrice': None,
            'marginRatio': None,
            'marginMode': None,
            'percentage': None,
        })

    def fetch_liquidations(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
        """
        retrieves the public liquidations of a trading pair

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-liquidations

        :param str symbol: unified CCXT market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch liquidations for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of liquidation structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: exchange specific parameters for the huobi api endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: timestamp in ms of the latest liquidation
        :returns dict: an array of `liquidation structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=liquidation-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        request: dict = {}
        if since is not None:
            request['from'] = since
        else:
            request['from'] = 1
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('to', request, params)
        response = self.privateGetLiquidations(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "created_at": 1697213130097,
        #                 "id": "0x123456789"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_liquidations(data, market, since, limit)

    def parse_liquidation(self, liquidation, market: Market = None):
        #
        #     {
        #         "created_at": 1697213130097,
        #         "id": "0x123456789"
        #     }
        #
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(liquidation, 'created_at')
        return self.safe_liquidation({
            'info': liquidation,
            'symbol': None,
            'contracts': None,
            'contractSize': None,
            'price': None,
            'side': None,
            'baseValue': None,
            'quoteValue': None,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
        })

    def fetch_deposits(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Transaction]:
        """
        fetch all deposits made to an account

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#paradex-rest-api-transfers

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch deposits for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of deposits structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: the latest time in ms to fetch entries for
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns dict[]: a list of `transaction structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchDeposits', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_cursor('fetchDeposits', code, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', None, 100)
        request: dict = {}
        if limit is not None:
            request['page_size'] = limit
        if since is not None:
            request['start_at'] = since
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('end_at', request, params)
        response = self.privateGetTransfers(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "next": null,
        #         "prev": null,
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "id": "1718940471200201703989430000",
        #                 "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
        #                 "kind": "DEPOSIT",
        #                 "status": "COMPLETED",
        #                 "amount": "100000",
        #                 "token": "USDC",
        #                 "created_at": 1718940471208,
        #                 "last_updated_at": 1718941455546,
        #                 "txn_hash": "0x73a415ca558a97bbdcd1c43e52b45f1e0486a0a84b3bb4958035ad6c59cb866",
        #                 "external_txn_hash": "",
        #                 "socialized_loss_factor": ""
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        rows = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        deposits = []
        for i in range(0, len(rows)):
            row = rows[i]
            if row['kind'] == 'DEPOSIT':
                deposits.append(row)
        return self.parse_transactions(deposits, None, since, limit)

    def fetch_withdrawals(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Transaction]:
        """
        fetch all withdrawals made from an account

        https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#paradex-rest-api-transfers

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch withdrawals for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of withdrawals structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: the latest time in ms to fetch withdrawals for
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns dict[]: a list of `transaction structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchWithdrawals', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_cursor('fetchWithdrawals', code, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', None, 100)
        request: dict = {}
        if limit is not None:
            request['page_size'] = limit
        if since is not None:
            request['start_at'] = since
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('end_at', request, params)
        response = self.privateGetTransfers(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "next": null,
        #         "prev": null,
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "id": "1718940471200201703989430000",
        #                 "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
        #                 "kind": "DEPOSIT",
        #                 "status": "COMPLETED",
        #                 "amount": "100000",
        #                 "token": "USDC",
        #                 "created_at": 1718940471208,
        #                 "last_updated_at": 1718941455546,
        #                 "txn_hash": "0x73a415ca558a97bbdcd1c43e52b45f1e0486a0a84b3bb4958035ad6c59cb866",
        #                 "external_txn_hash": "",
        #                 "socialized_loss_factor": ""
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        rows = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        deposits = []
        for i in range(0, len(rows)):
            row = rows[i]
            if row['kind'] == 'WITHDRAWAL':
                deposits.append(row)
        return self.parse_transactions(deposits, None, since, limit)

    def parse_transaction(self, transaction: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> Transaction:
        #
        # fetchDeposits & fetchWithdrawals
        #
        #     {
        #         "id": "1718940471200201703989430000",
        #         "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
        #         "kind": "DEPOSIT",
        #         "status": "COMPLETED",
        #         "amount": "100000",
        #         "token": "USDC",
        #         "created_at": 1718940471208,
        #         "last_updated_at": 1718941455546,
        #         "txn_hash": "0x73a415ca558a97bbdcd1c43e52b45f1e0486a0a84b3bb4958035ad6c59cb866",
        #         "external_txn_hash": "",
        #         "socialized_loss_factor": ""
        #     }
        #
        id = self.safe_string(transaction, 'id')
        address = self.safe_string(transaction, 'account')
        txid = self.safe_string(transaction, 'txn_hash')
        currencyId = self.safe_string(transaction, 'token')
        code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId, currency)
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(transaction, 'created_at')
        updated = self.safe_integer(transaction, 'last_updated_at')
        type = self.safe_string(transaction, 'kind')
        type = 'deposit' if (type == 'DEPOSIT') else 'withdrawal'
        status = self.parse_transaction_status(self.safe_string(transaction, 'status'))
        amount = self.safe_number(transaction, 'amount')
        return {
            'info': transaction,
            'id': id,
            'txid': txid,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'network': None,
            'address': address,
            'addressTo': address,
            'addressFrom': None,
            'tag': None,
            'tagTo': None,
            'tagFrom': None,
            'type': type,
            'amount': amount,
            'currency': code,
            'status': status,
            'updated': updated,
            'internal': None,
            'comment': None,
            'fee': None,
        }

    def parse_transaction_status(self, status: Str):
        statuses: dict = {
            'PENDING': 'pending',
            'AVAILABLE': 'pending',
            'COMPLETED': 'ok',
            'FAILED': 'failed',
        }
        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)

    def fetch_margin_mode(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> MarginMode:
        """
        fetches the margin mode of a specific symbol

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-account-margin-configuration

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `margin mode structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=margin-mode-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.privateGetAccountMargin(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # {
        #     "account": "0x6343248026a845b39a8a73fbe9c7ef0a841db31ed5c61ec1446aa9d25e54dbc",
        #     "configs": [
        #         {
        #             "market": "SOL-USD-PERP",
        #             "leverage": 50,
        #             "margin_type": "CROSS"
        #         }
        #     ]
        # }
        #
        configs = self.safe_list(response, 'configs')
        return self.parse_margin_mode(self.safe_dict(configs, 0), market)

    def parse_margin_mode(self, rawMarginMode: dict, market=None) -> MarginMode:
        marketId = self.safe_string(rawMarginMode, 'market')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        marginMode = self.safe_string_lower(rawMarginMode, 'margin_type')
        return {
            'info': rawMarginMode,
            'symbol': market['symbol'],
            'marginMode': marginMode,
        }

    def set_margin_mode(self, marginMode: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        set margin mode to 'cross' or 'isolated'

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#set-margin-configuration

        :param str marginMode: 'cross' or 'isolated'
        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param float [params.leverage]: the rate of leverage
        :returns dict: response from the exchange
        """
        self.check_required_argument('setMarginMode', symbol, 'symbol')
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market: Market = self.market(symbol)
        leverage: Str = None
        leverage, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'setMarginMode', 'leverage', 1)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
            'leverage': leverage,
            'margin_type': self.encode_margin_mode(marginMode),
        }
        return self.privatePostAccountMarginMarket(self.extend(request, params))

    def fetch_leverage(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> Leverage:
        """
        fetch the set leverage for a market

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-account-margin-configuration

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `leverage structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=leverage-structure>`
        """
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.privateGetAccountMargin(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        # {
        #     "account": "0x6343248026a845b39a8a73fbe9c7ef0a841db31ed5c61ec1446aa9d25e54dbc",
        #     "configs": [
        #         {
        #             "market": "SOL-USD-PERP",
        #             "leverage": 50,
        #             "margin_type": "CROSS"
        #         }
        #     ]
        # }
        #
        configs = self.safe_list(response, 'configs')
        return self.parse_leverage(self.safe_dict(configs, 0), market)

    def parse_leverage(self, leverage: dict, market: Market = None) -> Leverage:
        marketId = self.safe_string(leverage, 'market')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        marginMode = self.safe_string_lower(leverage, 'margin_type')
        return {
            'info': leverage,
            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
            'marginMode': marginMode,
            'longLeverage': self.safe_integer(leverage, 'leverage'),
            'shortLeverage': self.safe_integer(leverage, 'leverage'),
        }

    def encode_margin_mode(self, mode):
        modes = {
            'cross': 'CROSS',
            'isolated': 'ISOLATED',
        }
        return self.safe_string(modes, mode, mode)

    def set_leverage(self, leverage: int, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        set the level of leverage for a market

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#set-margin-configuration

        :param float leverage: the rate of leverage
        :param str [symbol]: unified market symbol(is mandatory for swap markets)
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param str [params.marginMode]: 'cross' or 'isolated'
        :returns dict: response from the exchange
        """
        self.check_required_argument('setLeverage', symbol, 'symbol')
        self.authenticate_rest()
        self.load_markets()
        market: Market = self.market(symbol)
        marginMode: Str = None
        marginMode, params = self.handle_margin_mode_and_params('setLeverage', params, 'cross')
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
            'leverage': leverage,
            'margin_type': self.encode_margin_mode(marginMode),
        }
        return self.privatePostAccountMarginMarket(self.extend(request, params))

    def fetch_greeks(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> Greeks:
        """
        fetches an option contracts greeks, financial metrics used to measure the factors that affect the price of an options contract

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch greeks for
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `greeks structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=greeks-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'market': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.publicGetMarketsSummary(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-114000-P",
        #                 "mark_price": "10835.66892602",
        #                 "mark_iv": "0.71781855",
        #                 "delta": "-0.98726024",
        #                 "greeks": {
        #                     "delta": "-0.9872602390817709",
        #                     "gamma": "0.000004560958862297231",
        #                     "vega": "227.11344863639806",
        #                     "rho": "-302.0617972461581",
        #                     "vanna": "0.06609830491614832",
        #                     "volga": "925.9501532805552"
        #                 },
        #                 "last_traded_price": "10551.5",
        #                 "bid": "10794.9",
        #                 "bid_iv": "0.05",
        #                 "ask": "10887.3",
        #                 "ask_iv": "0.8783283",
        #                 "last_iv": "0.05",
        #                 "volume_24h": "0",
        #                 "total_volume": "195240.72672261014",
        #                 "created_at": 1747644009995,
        #                 "underlying_price": "103164.79162649",
        #                 "open_interest": "0",
        #                 "funding_rate": "0.000004464241170536191",
        #                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.074915",
        #                 "future_funding_rate": "0.0001"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        data = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        greeks = self.safe_dict(data, 0, {})
        return self.parse_greeks(greeks, market)

    def fetch_all_greeks(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> List[Greeks]:
        """
        fetches all option contracts greeks, financial metrics used to measure the factors that affect the price of an options contract

        https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary

        :param str[] [symbols]: unified symbols of the markets to fetch greeks for, all markets are returned if not assigned
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `greeks structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=greeks-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols, None, True, True, True)
        request: dict = {
            'market': 'ALL',
        }
        response = self.publicGetMarketsSummary(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "results": [
        #             {
        #                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-114000-P",
        #                 "mark_price": "10835.66892602",
        #                 "mark_iv": "0.71781855",
        #                 "delta": "-0.98726024",
        #                 "greeks": {
        #                     "delta": "-0.9872602390817709",
        #                     "gamma": "0.000004560958862297231",
        #                     "vega": "227.11344863639806",
        #                     "rho": "-302.0617972461581",
        #                     "vanna": "0.06609830491614832",
        #                     "volga": "925.9501532805552"
        #                 },
        #                 "last_traded_price": "10551.5",
        #                 "bid": "10794.9",
        #                 "bid_iv": "0.05",
        #                 "ask": "10887.3",
        #                 "ask_iv": "0.8783283",
        #                 "last_iv": "0.05",
        #                 "volume_24h": "0",
        #                 "total_volume": "195240.72672261014",
        #                 "created_at": 1747644009995,
        #                 "underlying_price": "103164.79162649",
        #                 "open_interest": "0",
        #                 "funding_rate": "0.000004464241170536191",
        #                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.074915",
        #                 "future_funding_rate": "0.0001"
        #             }
        #         ]
        #     }
        #
        results = self.safe_list(response, 'results', [])
        return self.parse_all_greeks(results, symbols)

    def parse_greeks(self, greeks: dict, market: Market = None) -> Greeks:
        #
        #     {
        #         "symbol": "BTC-USD-114000-P",
        #         "mark_price": "10835.66892602",
        #         "mark_iv": "0.71781855",
        #         "delta": "-0.98726024",
        #         "greeks": {
        #             "delta": "-0.9872602390817709",
        #             "gamma": "0.000004560958862297231",
        #             "vega": "227.11344863639806",
        #             "rho": "-302.0617972461581",
        #             "vanna": "0.06609830491614832",
        #             "volga": "925.9501532805552"
        #         },
        #         "last_traded_price": "10551.5",
        #         "bid": "10794.9",
        #         "bid_iv": "0.05",
        #         "ask": "10887.3",
        #         "ask_iv": "0.8783283",
        #         "last_iv": "0.05",
        #         "volume_24h": "0",
        #         "total_volume": "195240.72672261014",
        #         "created_at": 1747644009995,
        #         "underlying_price": "103164.79162649",
        #         "open_interest": "0",
        #         "funding_rate": "0.000004464241170536191",
        #         "price_change_rate_24h": "0.074915",
        #         "future_funding_rate": "0.0001"
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(greeks, 'symbol')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market, None, 'option')
        symbol = market['symbol']
        timestamp = self.safe_integer(greeks, 'created_at')
        greeksData = self.safe_dict(greeks, 'greeks', {})
        return {
            'symbol': symbol,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'delta': self.safe_number(greeksData, 'delta'),
            'gamma': self.safe_number(greeksData, 'gamma'),
            'theta': None,
            'vega': self.safe_number(greeksData, 'vega'),
            'rho': self.safe_number(greeksData, 'rho'),
            'vanna': self.safe_number(greeksData, 'vanna'),
            'volga': self.safe_number(greeksData, 'volga'),
            'bidSize': None,
            'askSize': None,
            'bidImpliedVolatility': self.safe_number(greeks, 'bid_iv'),
            'askImpliedVolatility': self.safe_number(greeks, 'ask_iv'),
            'markImpliedVolatility': self.safe_number(greeks, 'mark_iv'),
            'bidPrice': self.safe_number(greeks, 'bid'),
            'askPrice': self.safe_number(greeks, 'ask'),
            'markPrice': self.safe_number(greeks, 'mark_price'),
            'lastPrice': self.safe_number(greeks, 'last_traded_price'),
            'underlyingPrice': self.safe_number(greeks, 'underlying_price'),
            'info': greeks,
        }

    def sign(self, path, api='public', method='GET', params={}, headers=None, body=None):
        url = self.implode_hostname(self.urls['api'][self.version]) + '/' + self.implode_params(path, params)
        query = self.omit(params, self.extract_params(path))
        if api == 'public':
            if query:
                url += '?' + self.urlencode(query)
        elif api == 'private':
            headers = {
                'Accept': 'application/json',
                'PARADEX-PARTNER': self.safe_string(self.options, 'broker', 'CCXT'),
            }
            # TODO: optimize
            if path == 'auth':
                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-ACCOUNT'] = query['account']
                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-SIGNATURE'] = query['signature']
                headers['PARADEX-TIMESTAMP'] = str(query['timestamp'])
                headers['PARADEX-SIGNATURE-EXPIRATION'] = str(query['expiration'])
            elif path == 'onboarding':
                headers['PARADEX-ETHEREUM-ACCOUNT'] = self.walletAddress
                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-ACCOUNT'] = query['account']
                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-SIGNATURE'] = query['signature']
                headers['PARADEX-TIMESTAMP'] = str(self.nonce())
                headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
                body = self.json({
                    'public_key': query['public_key'],
                })
            else:
                token = self.options['authToken']
                headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token
                if method == 'POST':
                    headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
                    body = self.json(query)
                else:
                    url = url + '?' + self.urlencode(query)
            # headers = {
            #     'Accept': 'application/json',
            #     'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + self.apiKey,
            # }
            # if method == 'POST':
            #     body = self.json(query)
            #     headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
            # else:
            #     if query:
            #         url += '?' + self.urlencode(query)
            #     }
            # }
        return {'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers}

    def handle_errors(self, httpCode: int, reason: str, url: str, method: str, headers: dict, body: str, response, requestHeaders, requestBody):
        if not response:
            return None  # fallback to default error handler
        #
        #     {
        #         "data": null,
        #         "error": "NOT_ONBOARDED",
        #         "message": "User has never called /onboarding endpoint"
        #     }
        #
        errorCode = self.safe_string(response, 'error')
        if errorCode is not None:
            feedback = self.id + ' ' + body
            self.throw_broadly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['broad'], body, feedback)
            self.throw_exactly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['exact'], errorCode, feedback)
            raise ExchangeError(feedback)  # unknown message
        return None
