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# dialects/mssql/mssqlpython.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2026 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
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# <see AUTHORS file>
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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# mypy: ignore-errors
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"""
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.. dialect:: mssql+mssqlpython
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:name: mssqlpython
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:dbapi: mssql-python
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:connectstring: mssql+mssqlpython://<username>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<dbname>
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:url: https://github.com/microsoft/mssql-python
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mssql-python is a driver for Microsoft SQL Server produced by Microsoft.
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.. versionadded:: 2.1.0b2
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The driver is generally similar to pyodbc in most aspects as it is based
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on the same ODBC framework.
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Connection Strings
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------------------
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Examples of connecting with the mssql-python driver::
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from sqlalchemy import create_engine
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# Basic connection
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engine = create_engine(
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"mssql+mssqlpython://user:password@hostname/database"
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)
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# With Windows Authentication
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engine = create_engine(
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"mssql+mssqlpython://hostname/database?authentication=ActiveDirectoryIntegrated"
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)
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""" # noqa
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from __future__ import annotations
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import re
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from typing import Any
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from typing import Dict
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from typing import List
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from typing import Optional
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
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from typing import Union
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from .base import MSDialect
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from .pyodbc import _ms_numeric_pyodbc
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from ... import util
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from ...sql import sqltypes
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from ... import pool
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from ...engine import interfaces
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from ...engine.interfaces import ConnectArgsType
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from ...engine.interfaces import DBAPIModule
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from ...engine.interfaces import IsolationLevel
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from ...engine.interfaces import URL
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class _MSNumeric_mssqlpython(_ms_numeric_pyodbc, sqltypes.Numeric):
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pass
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class _MSFloat_mssqlpython(_ms_numeric_pyodbc, sqltypes.Float):
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pass
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class MSDialect_mssqlpython(MSDialect):
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driver = "mssqlpython"
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supports_statement_cache = True
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supports_sane_rowcount_returning = True
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supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
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supports_native_uuid = True
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scope_identity_must_be_embedded = True
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supports_native_decimal = True
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_disconnect_driver_errors = frozenset(
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{
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# mssql-python converts the originating SQLSTATE into these
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# values and exposes them on ``Exception.driver_error``.
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"Disconnect error", # 01002
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"Client unable to establish connection", # 08001
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"Connection not open", # 08003
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"Connection failure during transaction", # 08007
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"Communication link failure", # 08S01
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# mssql-python does not map these SQLSTATE values to a
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# dedicated driver error yet.
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"An error occurred with SQLSTATE code: 08S02",
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"An error occurred with SQLSTATE code: 10054",
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"Connection timeout expired", # HYT01
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"Function sequence error", # HY010
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}
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)
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colspecs = util.update_copy(
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MSDialect.colspecs,
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{
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sqltypes.Numeric: _MSNumeric_mssqlpython,
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sqltypes.Float: _MSFloat_mssqlpython,
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},
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)
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def __init__(self, enable_pooling=False, **kw):
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super().__init__(**kw)
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if not enable_pooling and self.dbapi is not None:
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self.loaded_dbapi.pooling(enabled=False)
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# used by pyodbc _ms_numeric_pyodbc class. mssql-python 1.15
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# binds every Decimal as SQL_NUMERIC; prior versions bound Decimal
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# values within the MONEY range as VARCHAR, so that very large and
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# very small values needed to be passed as strings as well. On
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# 1.15 those strings are instead coerced to the NUMERIC type of
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# the Decimal values alongside them, which overflows.
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# a version which can't be determined is assumed to be an old one
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version = self._dbapi_version_or_none
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self._need_decimal_fix = bool(self.dbapi) and (
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version is None or version < (1, 15)
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)
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@classmethod
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def import_dbapi(cls) -> DBAPIModule:
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return __import__("mssql_python")
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def create_connect_args(self, url: URL) -> ConnectArgsType:
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opts = url.translate_connect_args(username="user")
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opts.update(url.query)
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keys = opts
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query = url.query
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connect_args: Dict[str, Any] = {}
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connectors: List[str]
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def check_quote(token: str) -> str:
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if (
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";" in str(token)
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or "}" in str(token)
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or str(token).startswith("{")
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):
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token = "{%s}" % token.replace("}", "}}")
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return token
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keys = {k: check_quote(v) for k, v in keys.items()}
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port = ""
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if "port" in keys and "port" not in query:
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port = ",%d" % int(keys.pop("port"))
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connectors = []
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connectors.extend(
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[
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"Server=%s%s" % (keys.pop("host", ""), port),
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"Database=%s" % keys.pop("database", ""),
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]
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)
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user = keys.pop("user", None)
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if user:
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connectors.append("UID=%s" % user)
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pwd = keys.pop("password", "")
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if pwd:
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connectors.append("PWD=%s" % pwd)
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else:
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authentication = keys.pop("authentication", None)
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if authentication:
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connectors.append("Authentication=%s" % authentication)
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connectors.extend(
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["%s=%s" % (check_quote(k), v) for k, v in keys.items()]
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)
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return ((";".join(connectors),), connect_args)
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def is_disconnect(
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self,
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e: Exception,
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connection: Optional[
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Union[pool.PoolProxiedConnection, interfaces.DBAPIConnection]
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],
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cursor: Optional[interfaces.DBAPICursor],
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) -> bool:
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if not isinstance(e, self.loaded_dbapi.Error):
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return False
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if getattr(e, "driver_error", None) in self._disconnect_driver_errors:
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return True
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if isinstance(e, self.loaded_dbapi.ProgrammingError):
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return (
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"The cursor's connection has been closed." in str(e)
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or "Attempt to use a closed connection." in str(e)
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or "Driver Error: Operation cannot be performed" in str(e)
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)
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if isinstance(e, self.loaded_dbapi.InterfaceError):
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return bool(
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re.search(r"Cannot .* on (?:a )?closed connection", str(e))
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)
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return False
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def retrieve_dbapi_version(
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self, dbapi: interfaces.DBAPIModule
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) -> util.VersionInfo:
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return util.parse_version_string(getattr(dbapi, "__version__", None))
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def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
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vers = connection.exec_driver_sql("select @@version").scalar()
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m = re.match(r"Microsoft .*? - (\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)", vers)
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if m:
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return tuple(int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3, 4))
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else:
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return None
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def get_isolation_level_values(
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self, dbapi_connection: interfaces.DBAPIConnection
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) -> List[IsolationLevel]:
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return [
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*super().get_isolation_level_values(dbapi_connection),
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"AUTOCOMMIT",
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]
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def set_isolation_level(
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self,
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dbapi_connection: interfaces.DBAPIConnection,
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level: IsolationLevel,
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) -> None:
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if level == "AUTOCOMMIT":
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dbapi_connection.autocommit = True
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else:
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dbapi_connection.autocommit = False
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super().set_isolation_level(dbapi_connection, level)
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def detect_autocommit_setting(
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self, dbapi_conn: interfaces.DBAPIConnection
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) -> bool:
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return bool(dbapi_conn.autocommit)
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dialect = MSDialect_mssqlpython
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