801 lines
24 KiB
Python
801 lines
24 KiB
Python
# dialects/postgresql/psycopg.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2026 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
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# <see AUTHORS file>
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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# mypy: ignore-errors
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r"""
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.. dialect:: postgresql+psycopg
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:name: psycopg (a.k.a. psycopg 3)
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:dbapi: psycopg
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:connectstring: postgresql+psycopg://user:password@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]
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:url: https://pypi.org/project/psycopg/
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``psycopg`` is the package and module name for version 3 of the ``psycopg``
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database driver, formerly known as ``psycopg2``. This driver is different
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enough from its ``psycopg2`` predecessor that SQLAlchemy supports it
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via a totally separate dialect; support for ``psycopg2`` is expected to remain
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for as long as that package continues to function for modern Python versions,
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and also remains the default dialect for the ``postgresql://`` dialect
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series.
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The SQLAlchemy ``psycopg`` dialect provides both a sync and an async
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implementation under the same dialect name. The proper version is
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selected depending on how the engine is created:
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* calling :func:`_sa.create_engine` with ``postgresql+psycopg://...`` will
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automatically select the sync version, e.g.::
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from sqlalchemy import create_engine
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sync_engine = create_engine(
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"postgresql+psycopg://scott:tiger@localhost/test"
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)
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* calling :func:`_asyncio.create_async_engine` with
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``postgresql+psycopg://...`` will automatically select the async version,
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e.g.::
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from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
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asyncio_engine = create_async_engine(
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"postgresql+psycopg://scott:tiger@localhost/test"
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)
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The asyncio version of the dialect may also be specified explicitly using the
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``psycopg_async`` suffix, as::
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from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
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asyncio_engine = create_async_engine(
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"postgresql+psycopg_async://scott:tiger@localhost/test"
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)
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.. seealso::
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:ref:`postgresql_psycopg2` - The SQLAlchemy ``psycopg``
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dialect shares most of its behavior with the ``psycopg2`` dialect.
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Further documentation is available there.
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Using psycopg Connection Pooling
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--------------------------------
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The ``psycopg`` driver provides its own connection pool implementation that
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may be used in place of SQLAlchemy's pooling functionality.
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This pool implementation provides support for fixed and dynamic pool sizes
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(including automatic downsizing for unused connections), connection health
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pre-checks, and support for both synchronous and asynchronous code
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environments.
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Here is an example that uses the sync version of the pool, using
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``psycopg_pool >= 3.3`` that introduces support for ``close_returns=True``::
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import psycopg_pool
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from sqlalchemy import create_engine
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from sqlalchemy.pool import NullPool
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# Create a psycopg_pool connection pool
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my_pool = psycopg_pool.ConnectionPool(
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conninfo="postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
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close_returns=True, # Return "closed" active connections to the pool
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# ... other pool parameters as desired ...
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)
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# Create an engine that uses the connection pool to get a connection
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engine = create_engine(
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url="postgresql+psycopg://", # Only need the dialect now
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poolclass=NullPool, # Disable SQLAlchemy's default connection pool
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creator=my_pool.getconn, # Use Psycopg 3 connection pool to obtain connections
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)
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Similarly an the async example::
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import psycopg_pool
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from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
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from sqlalchemy.pool import NullPool
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async def define_engine():
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# Create a psycopg_pool connection pool
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my_pool = psycopg_pool.AsyncConnectionPool(
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conninfo="postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
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open=False, # See comment below
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close_returns=True, # Return "closed" active connections to the pool
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# ... other pool parameters as desired ...
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)
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# Must explicitly open AsyncConnectionPool outside constructor
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# https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/docs/api/pool.html#psycopg_pool.AsyncConnectionPool
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await my_pool.open()
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# Create an engine that uses the connection pool to get a connection
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engine = create_async_engine(
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url="postgresql+psycopg://", # Only need the dialect now
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poolclass=NullPool, # Disable SQLAlchemy's default connection pool
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async_creator=my_pool.getconn, # Use Psycopg 3 connection pool to obtain connections
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)
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return engine, my_pool
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The resulting engine may then be used normally. Internally, Psycopg 3 handles
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connection pooling::
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with engine.connect() as conn:
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print(conn.scalar(text("select 42")))
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.. seealso::
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`Connection pools <https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/docs/advanced/pool.html>`_ -
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the Psycopg 3 documentation for ``psycopg_pool.ConnectionPool``.
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`Example for older version of psycopg_pool
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<https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/discussions/12522#discussioncomment-13024666>`_ -
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An example about using the ``psycopg_pool<3.3`` that did not have the
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``close_returns``` parameter.
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Using a different Cursor class
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------------------------------
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One of the differences between ``psycopg`` and the older ``psycopg2``
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is how bound parameters are handled: ``psycopg2`` would bind them
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client side, while ``psycopg`` by default will bind them server side.
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It's possible to configure ``psycopg`` to do client side binding by
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specifying the ``cursor_factory`` to be ``ClientCursor`` when creating
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the engine::
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from psycopg import ClientCursor
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client_side_engine = create_engine(
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"postgresql+psycopg://...",
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connect_args={"cursor_factory": ClientCursor},
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)
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Similarly when using an async engine the ``AsyncClientCursor`` can be
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specified::
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from psycopg import AsyncClientCursor
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client_side_engine = create_async_engine(
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"postgresql+psycopg://...",
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connect_args={"cursor_factory": AsyncClientCursor},
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)
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.. seealso::
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`Client-side-binding cursors <https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/docs/advanced/cursors.html#client-side-binding-cursors>`_
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""" # noqa
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from __future__ import annotations
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import collections
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import logging
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from types import NoneType
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from typing import cast
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
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from . import ranges
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from ._psycopg_common import _PGDialect_common_psycopg
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from ._psycopg_common import _PGExecutionContext_common_psycopg
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from .base import INTERVAL
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from .base import PGCompiler
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from .base import PGIdentifierPreparer
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from .base import REGCONFIG
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from .json import JSON
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from .json import JSONB
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from .json import JSONPathType
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from .types import CITEXT
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from ... import util
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from ...connectors.asyncio import AsyncAdapt_dbapi_connection
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from ...connectors.asyncio import AsyncAdapt_dbapi_cursor
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from ...connectors.asyncio import AsyncAdapt_dbapi_module
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from ...connectors.asyncio import AsyncAdapt_dbapi_ss_cursor
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from ...sql import sqltypes
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from ...util.concurrency import await_
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from typing import Iterable
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from psycopg import AsyncConnection
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logger = logging.getLogger("sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql")
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class _PGString(sqltypes.String):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGREGCONFIG(REGCONFIG):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGJSON(JSON):
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def bind_processor(self, dialect):
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"""psycopg's bind processor is assembled on the type adapter,
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but we still need to wrap the value in a psycopg.Json() object"""
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return self._make_bind_processor(None, dialect._psycopg_Json)
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class _PGJSONB(JSONB):
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def bind_processor(self, dialect):
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"""psycopg's bind processor is assembled on the type adapter,
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but we still need to wrap the value in a psycopg.Jsonb() object"""
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return self._make_bind_processor(None, dialect._psycopg_Jsonb)
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class _PGJSONIntIndexType(sqltypes.JSON.JSONIntIndexType):
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__visit_name__ = "json_int_index"
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGJSONStrIndexType(sqltypes.JSON.JSONStrIndexType):
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__visit_name__ = "json_str_index"
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGJSONPathType(JSONPathType):
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pass
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class _PGInterval(INTERVAL):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGTimeStamp(sqltypes.DateTime):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGDate(sqltypes.Date):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGTime(sqltypes.Time):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGInteger(sqltypes.Integer):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGSmallInteger(sqltypes.SmallInteger):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGNullType(sqltypes.NullType):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGBigInteger(sqltypes.BigInteger):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PGBoolean(sqltypes.Boolean):
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render_bind_cast = True
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class _PsycopgRange(ranges.AbstractSingleRangeImpl):
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def bind_processor(self, dialect):
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psycopg_Range = cast(PGDialect_psycopg, dialect)._psycopg_Range
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def to_range(value):
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if isinstance(value, ranges.Range):
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value = psycopg_Range(
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value.lower, value.upper, value.bounds, value.empty
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)
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return value
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return to_range
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def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
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def to_range(value):
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if value is not None:
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value = ranges.Range(
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value._lower,
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value._upper,
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bounds=value._bounds if value._bounds else "[)",
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empty=not value._bounds,
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)
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return value
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return to_range
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class _PsycopgMultiRange(ranges.AbstractMultiRangeImpl):
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def bind_processor(self, dialect):
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psycopg_Range = cast(PGDialect_psycopg, dialect)._psycopg_Range
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psycopg_Multirange = cast(
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PGDialect_psycopg, dialect
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)._psycopg_Multirange
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def to_range(value):
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if isinstance(value, (str, NoneType, psycopg_Multirange)):
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return value
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return psycopg_Multirange(
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[
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psycopg_Range(
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element.lower,
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element.upper,
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element.bounds,
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element.empty,
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)
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for element in cast("Iterable[ranges.Range]", value)
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]
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)
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return to_range
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def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
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def to_range(value):
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if value is None:
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return None
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else:
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return ranges.MultiRange(
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ranges.Range(
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elem._lower,
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elem._upper,
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bounds=elem._bounds if elem._bounds else "[)",
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empty=not elem._bounds,
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)
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for elem in value
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)
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return to_range
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class PGExecutionContext_psycopg(_PGExecutionContext_common_psycopg):
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pass
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class PGCompiler_psycopg(PGCompiler):
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pass
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class PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg(PGIdentifierPreparer):
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pass
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def _log_notices(diagnostic):
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logger.info("%s: %s", diagnostic.severity, diagnostic.message_primary)
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class PGDialect_psycopg(_PGDialect_common_psycopg):
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driver = "psycopg"
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minimum_dbapi_version = util.VersionInfo((3, 0, 2))
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supports_statement_cache = True
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supports_server_side_cursors = True
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default_paramstyle = "pyformat"
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supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
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supports_native_json_serialization = True
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supports_native_json_deserialization = True
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dialect_injects_custom_json_deserializer = True
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execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_psycopg
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statement_compiler = PGCompiler_psycopg
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preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg
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_has_native_hstore = True
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_psycopg_adapters_map = None
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colspecs = util.update_copy(
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_PGDialect_common_psycopg.colspecs,
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{
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sqltypes.String: _PGString,
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REGCONFIG: _PGREGCONFIG,
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JSON: _PGJSON,
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CITEXT: CITEXT,
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sqltypes.JSON: _PGJSON,
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JSONB: _PGJSONB,
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sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType: _PGJSONPathType,
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sqltypes.JSON.JSONIntIndexType: _PGJSONIntIndexType,
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sqltypes.JSON.JSONStrIndexType: _PGJSONStrIndexType,
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sqltypes.Interval: _PGInterval,
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INTERVAL: _PGInterval,
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sqltypes.Date: _PGDate,
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sqltypes.DateTime: _PGTimeStamp,
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sqltypes.Time: _PGTime,
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sqltypes.Integer: _PGInteger,
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sqltypes.SmallInteger: _PGSmallInteger,
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sqltypes.BigInteger: _PGBigInteger,
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ranges.AbstractSingleRange: _PsycopgRange,
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ranges.AbstractMultiRange: _PsycopgMultiRange,
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},
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)
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@property
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def psycopg_version(self):
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"""Legacy accessor for :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi_version`.
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Retained for backwards compatibility; ``(0, 0)`` is returned when
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no version can be determined.
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"""
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version = self._dbapi_version_or_none
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return version if version is not None else (0, 0)
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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super().__init__(**kwargs)
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if self.dbapi:
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from psycopg.adapt import AdaptersMap
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self._psycopg_adapters_map = adapters_map = AdaptersMap(
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self.dbapi.adapters
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)
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if self._native_inet_types is False:
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import psycopg.types.string
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adapters_map.register_loader(
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"inet", psycopg.types.string.TextLoader
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)
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adapters_map.register_loader(
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"cidr", psycopg.types.string.TextLoader
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)
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if self._json_deserializer:
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from psycopg.types.json import set_json_loads
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set_json_loads(self._json_deserializer, adapters_map)
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if self._json_serializer:
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from psycopg.types.json import set_json_dumps
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set_json_dumps(self._json_serializer, adapters_map)
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def create_connect_args(self, url):
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# see https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg/issues/83
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cargs, cparams = super().create_connect_args(url)
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if self._psycopg_adapters_map:
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cparams["context"] = self._psycopg_adapters_map
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if self.client_encoding is not None:
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cparams["client_encoding"] = self.client_encoding
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return cargs, cparams
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def _type_info_fetch(self, connection, name):
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from psycopg.types import TypeInfo
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return TypeInfo.fetch(connection.connection.driver_connection, name)
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def initialize(self, connection):
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super().initialize(connection)
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# PGDialect.initialize() checks server version for <= 8.2 and sets
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# this flag to False if so
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if not self.insert_returning:
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self.insert_executemany_returning = False
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# HSTORE can't be registered until we have a connection so that
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# we can look up its OID, so we set up this adapter in
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# initialize()
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if self.use_native_hstore:
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info = self._type_info_fetch(connection, "hstore")
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self._has_native_hstore = info is not None
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if self._has_native_hstore:
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from psycopg.types.hstore import register_hstore
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# register the adapter for connections made subsequent to
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# this one
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assert self._psycopg_adapters_map
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register_hstore(info, self._psycopg_adapters_map)
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# register the adapter for this connection
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assert connection.connection
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register_hstore(info, connection.connection.driver_connection)
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@classmethod
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def import_dbapi(cls):
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import psycopg
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return psycopg
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@classmethod
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def get_async_dialect_cls(cls, url):
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return PGDialectAsync_psycopg
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@util.memoized_property
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def _isolation_lookup(self):
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return {
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"READ COMMITTED": self.dbapi.IsolationLevel.READ_COMMITTED,
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"READ UNCOMMITTED": self.dbapi.IsolationLevel.READ_UNCOMMITTED,
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"REPEATABLE READ": self.dbapi.IsolationLevel.REPEATABLE_READ,
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"SERIALIZABLE": self.dbapi.IsolationLevel.SERIALIZABLE,
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}
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@util.memoized_property
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def _psycopg_Json(self):
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from psycopg.types import json
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return json.Json
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@util.memoized_property
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def _psycopg_Jsonb(self):
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from psycopg.types import json
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return json.Jsonb
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@util.memoized_property
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def _psycopg_TransactionStatus(self):
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from psycopg.pq import TransactionStatus
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return TransactionStatus
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@util.memoized_property
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def _psycopg_Range(self):
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from psycopg.types.range import Range
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return Range
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@util.memoized_property
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def _psycopg_Multirange(self):
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from psycopg.types.multirange import Multirange
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return Multirange
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def _do_isolation_level(self, connection, autocommit, isolation_level):
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connection.autocommit = autocommit
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connection.isolation_level = isolation_level
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def get_isolation_level(self, dbapi_connection):
|
|
status_before = dbapi_connection.info.transaction_status
|
|
value = super().get_isolation_level(dbapi_connection)
|
|
|
|
# don't rely on psycopg providing enum symbols, compare with
|
|
# eq/ne
|
|
if status_before == self._psycopg_TransactionStatus.IDLE:
|
|
dbapi_connection.rollback()
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def set_isolation_level(self, dbapi_connection, level):
|
|
if level == "AUTOCOMMIT":
|
|
self._do_isolation_level(
|
|
dbapi_connection, autocommit=True, isolation_level=None
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._do_isolation_level(
|
|
dbapi_connection,
|
|
autocommit=False,
|
|
isolation_level=self._isolation_lookup[level],
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def set_readonly(self, connection, value):
|
|
connection.read_only = value
|
|
|
|
def get_readonly(self, connection):
|
|
return connection.read_only
|
|
|
|
def on_connect(self):
|
|
def notices(conn):
|
|
conn.add_notice_handler(_log_notices)
|
|
|
|
fns = [notices]
|
|
|
|
if self.isolation_level is not None:
|
|
|
|
def on_connect(conn):
|
|
self.set_isolation_level(conn, self.isolation_level)
|
|
|
|
fns.append(on_connect)
|
|
|
|
# fns always has the notices function
|
|
def on_connect(conn):
|
|
for fn in fns:
|
|
fn(conn)
|
|
|
|
return on_connect
|
|
|
|
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
|
|
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error) and connection is not None:
|
|
if connection.closed or connection.broken:
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def _twophase_idle_check(self, dbapi_conn):
|
|
# don't rely on psycopg providing enum symbols, compare with eq/ne
|
|
return (
|
|
dbapi_conn.info.transaction_status
|
|
== self._psycopg_TransactionStatus.IDLE
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
@util.memoized_property
|
|
def _dialect_specific_select_one(self):
|
|
return ";"
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AsyncAdapt_psycopg_cursor(AsyncAdapt_dbapi_cursor):
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
_awaitable_cursor_close: bool = False
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self._rows.clear()
|
|
# Normal cursor just call _close() in a non-sync way.
|
|
self._cursor._close()
|
|
|
|
async def _execute_async(self, operation, parameters):
|
|
# override to not use mutex, psycopg3 already has mutex
|
|
|
|
if parameters is None:
|
|
result = await self._cursor.execute(operation)
|
|
else:
|
|
result = await self._cursor.execute(operation, parameters)
|
|
|
|
# sqlalchemy result is not async, so need to pull all rows here
|
|
# (assuming not a server side cursor)
|
|
res = self._cursor.pgresult
|
|
|
|
# don't rely on psycopg providing enum symbols, compare with
|
|
# eq/ne
|
|
if (
|
|
not self.server_side
|
|
and res
|
|
and res.status == self._adapt_connection.dbapi.ExecStatus.TUPLES_OK
|
|
):
|
|
self._rows = collections.deque(await self._cursor.fetchall())
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
async def _executemany_async(
|
|
self,
|
|
operation,
|
|
seq_of_parameters,
|
|
):
|
|
# override to not use mutex, psycopg3 already has mutex
|
|
return await self._cursor.executemany(operation, seq_of_parameters)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AsyncAdapt_psycopg_ss_cursor(
|
|
AsyncAdapt_dbapi_ss_cursor, AsyncAdapt_psycopg_cursor
|
|
):
|
|
__slots__ = ("name",)
|
|
|
|
name: str
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, adapt_connection, name):
|
|
self.name = name
|
|
super().__init__(adapt_connection)
|
|
|
|
def _make_new_cursor(self, connection):
|
|
return connection.cursor(self.name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AsyncAdapt_psycopg_connection(AsyncAdapt_dbapi_connection):
|
|
_connection: AsyncConnection
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
_cursor_cls = AsyncAdapt_psycopg_cursor
|
|
_ss_cursor_cls = AsyncAdapt_psycopg_ss_cursor
|
|
|
|
def add_notice_handler(self, handler):
|
|
self._connection.add_notice_handler(handler)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def info(self):
|
|
return self._connection.info
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def adapters(self):
|
|
return self._connection.adapters
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def closed(self):
|
|
return self._connection.closed
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def broken(self):
|
|
return self._connection.broken
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def read_only(self):
|
|
return self._connection.read_only
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def deferrable(self):
|
|
return self._connection.deferrable
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def autocommit(self):
|
|
return self._connection.autocommit
|
|
|
|
@autocommit.setter
|
|
def autocommit(self, value):
|
|
self.set_autocommit(value)
|
|
|
|
def set_autocommit(self, value):
|
|
await_(self._connection.set_autocommit(value))
|
|
|
|
def set_isolation_level(self, value):
|
|
await_(self._connection.set_isolation_level(value))
|
|
|
|
def set_read_only(self, value):
|
|
await_(self._connection.set_read_only(value))
|
|
|
|
def set_deferrable(self, value):
|
|
await_(self._connection.set_deferrable(value))
|
|
|
|
def cursor(self, name=None, /):
|
|
if name:
|
|
return AsyncAdapt_psycopg_ss_cursor(self, name)
|
|
else:
|
|
return AsyncAdapt_psycopg_cursor(self)
|
|
|
|
def tpc_begin(self, xid):
|
|
return await_(self._connection.tpc_begin(xid))
|
|
|
|
def tpc_prepare(self):
|
|
return await_(self._connection.tpc_prepare())
|
|
|
|
def tpc_commit(self, xid=None):
|
|
return await_(self._connection.tpc_commit(xid))
|
|
|
|
def tpc_rollback(self, xid=None):
|
|
return await_(self._connection.tpc_rollback(xid))
|
|
|
|
def tpc_recover(self):
|
|
return await_(self._connection.tpc_recover())
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PsycopgAdaptDBAPI(AsyncAdapt_dbapi_module):
|
|
def __init__(self, psycopg, ExecStatus) -> None:
|
|
super().__init__(psycopg)
|
|
self.psycopg = psycopg
|
|
self.ExecStatus = ExecStatus
|
|
|
|
for k, v in self.psycopg.__dict__.items():
|
|
if k != "connect":
|
|
self.__dict__[k] = v
|
|
|
|
def connect(self, *arg, **kw):
|
|
creator_fn = kw.pop(
|
|
"async_creator_fn", self.psycopg.AsyncConnection.connect
|
|
)
|
|
return await_(
|
|
AsyncAdapt_psycopg_connection.create(self, creator_fn(*arg, **kw))
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGDialectAsync_psycopg(PGDialect_psycopg):
|
|
is_async = True
|
|
supports_statement_cache = True
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def import_dbapi(cls):
|
|
import psycopg
|
|
from psycopg.pq import ExecStatus
|
|
|
|
return PsycopgAdaptDBAPI(psycopg, ExecStatus)
|
|
|
|
def _type_info_fetch(self, connection, name):
|
|
from psycopg.types import TypeInfo
|
|
|
|
adapted = connection.connection
|
|
return await_(TypeInfo.fetch(adapted.driver_connection, name))
|
|
|
|
def _do_isolation_level(self, connection, autocommit, isolation_level):
|
|
connection.set_autocommit(autocommit)
|
|
connection.set_isolation_level(isolation_level)
|
|
|
|
def _do_autocommit(self, connection, value):
|
|
connection.set_autocommit(value)
|
|
|
|
def set_readonly(self, connection, value):
|
|
connection.set_read_only(value)
|
|
|
|
def set_deferrable(self, connection, value):
|
|
connection.set_deferrable(value)
|
|
|
|
def get_driver_connection(self, connection):
|
|
return connection._connection
|
|
|
|
|
|
dialect = PGDialect_psycopg
|
|
dialect_async = PGDialectAsync_psycopg
|